Articles

Anosmia and COVID-19: perspectives on its association and the pathophysiological mechanisms involved

With the spread of SARS-CoV-2, contingency measures and plans to facilitate the screening of infected patients are needed. Changes in olfaction have been cited as symptoms of the disease, and it is important t...

Authors: Paulo Roberto da Silva Júnior, André Luis Oliveira Ramos Gomes, Lucas Eugênio Araújo Coelho, Mariana Almeida Morais, Pedro Vinícius Furtado Carneiro de Almeida, Wagner José Raia Neri, Guilherme Veras Mascena and Adriana Amorim de Farias Leal

Corrected QT interval and QT dispersion in temporal lobe epilepsy

Cardiac arrhythmias are expected among patients with epilepsy due to the effect of anti-epileptic drugs. Temporal lobe epilepsy also causes autonomic seizures that may affect heart rhythm. Prolongation of the ...

Authors: Maram Samy Nasef, Ahmed Abdelmonem Gaber, Yousry Aboelnaga Abdelhamid, Islam Bastawy, Salem Taha Abdelhady and Mona Mokhtar Wahid el din

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a prophylactic treatment in migraine

Clinical applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) have shown promising results in the treatment of headache disorders, with migraine being one of the most encountered.

Authors: Azza B. Hammad, Rasha E. Elsharkawy and Ghada S. Abdel Azim

Short-term outcome in ischemic stroke patients after thrombolytic therapy

Stroke represents the second leading cause of death in the world after myocardial infarction. Intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (alteplase, rt-PA) is the only pharmaco...

Authors: Wafaa S. Mohamed, Adel S. Abdel Ghaffar, Ahmed E. Abdel Gawad and Emad L. Agban

Pain as clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection and its management in the pandemic era: a literature review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current global pandemic. The case number has increased since December 31, 2019. It has been reported that COVID-19 patients have been giving pain complaints, one of whi...

Authors: I. Putu Eka Widyadharma, Ni Nyoman Shinta Prasista Sari, Kadek Enny Pradnyaswari, Kadek Tresna Yuwana, I. Putu Gede Danika Adikarya, Clarissa Tertia, I. A. Sri Wijayanti, I. A. Sri Indrayani and Desak Ketut Indrasari Utami

A case series of ischemic stroke with coronavirus disease 2019 in two Egyptian centers

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel virus that has been reported to have various neurological manifestations. Cerebrovascular disorders have been encountered as a coronaviru...

Authors: Nevine El Nahas, Tamer Roushdy, Eman Hamid, Sherien Farag, Hossam Shokri, Mai Fathy, Eman Abushady, Ahmed Hazzou and Hany Aref

Evaluation of cerebrovascular hemodynamics in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using transcranial Doppler

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of increased intracranial pressure without a clear cause and can have serious visual effects. Previous research work suggests that transcranial Doppler ...

Authors: Mahmoud M. Allam, Hatem A. Almasry, Sandra M. Ahmed, Youssuf G. Taha and Mohammed I. Oraby

Association between microstructural white matter abnormalities and cognitive functioning in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a diffusion tensor imaging study

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) technique is important for exploring more sensitive imaging-based biomarkers in prevention and early treatment of cognitive dysfunction induced by type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Authors: Ahmed Osama, Tarek Hassan Khalil, Mohamed Negm, Reda AbdEl-Razek and Hend AbouElhamd

Motor disability in patients with multiple sclerosis: transcranial magnetic stimulation study

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive procedure used in a small targeted region of the brain via electromagnetic induction and used diagnostically to measure the connection between the cent...

Authors: Anssam Bassem Mohy, Aqeel Kareem Hatem, Hussein Ghani Kadoori and Farqad Bader Hamdan

Depression and anxiety among patients with Parkinson’s disease: frequency, risk factors, and impact on quality of life

Depression and anxiety are non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) that are often overlooked and underrated. This study aimed to highlight the frequency and risk factors of depression and anxiety among ...

Authors: Eman M. Khedr, Ahmed A. Abdelrahman, Yasser Elserogy, Ahmed Fathi Zaki and Ayman Gamea

Apolipoproteins A1 and B and their ratio in acute ischemic stroke patients with intracranial and extracranial arterial stenosis: an Egyptian study

Apolipoprotein A1 and B and their ratio are considered a better biomarker for cardiovascular diseases than a lipid profile, but this previous finding is not proved to cerebrovascular ischemic diseases. The aim...

Authors: Ebtesam Mohammed Fahmy, Mohammed Ahmed El Sayed El Awady, Sahar Abdel-Atty Sharaf, Nora Mahmoud Selim, Hazem El Sawy Abdo and Shaimaa Shaheen Mohammed

Value of vessel wall magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular diseases

Intracranial vessel wall imaging can detect non-stenotic lesions with further characterization of stenotic lesions that have already been detected with common angiographic methods. Magnetic resonance imaging (...

Authors: Sherien Farag, Hany Zaki El-Dien, Yasser Abdelazeem, Mohammed Khaled Elewa, Khaled Abdelmaksoud and Ahmed ElSadek

Atypical benzodiazepine misuse and withdrawal in patient with epilepsy: a case report

Benzodiazepines (BDZ) are a class of psychoactive drugs that have been widely used for the treatment of many medical conditions. In this paper, a case of an atypical pattern of diazepam dependence in a patient...

Authors: Natalia Piskorska and Andrzej Silczuk

Evaluation of the direct costs of epilepsy in a sample of Egyptian patients following up in Ain Shams University Hospital

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder of the brain, and it is considered as the 4th common neurological disorder. Epilepsy is associated with an economic burden by imposing a significant burden on both the individual...

Authors: Salem Abdelhady, Hossam Shokri, Mai Fathy and mona Mokhtar wahid el din

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): its effect on improving dysphagia in stroke patients

Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) may have a potential for improving post-stroke dysphagia.

Authors: Salah Abd Elmonem Sawan, Abdelazim M. Reda, Ahmed Hosny Kamel and Mennat Allah Mohamed Ali

Neurosurgical education during COVID-19: challenges and lessons learned in Egypt

The coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has disrupted the routine neurosurgical education and practice worldwide and so more in developing countries. Continuing the neurosurgical training while maintaining the wel...

Authors: Ahmed Hamdy Ashry, Hussein Mohammed Soffar and Mohamed Fathalla Alsawy

A brief review of the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus disease

It has been demonstrated experimentally that the coronavirus can enter the central nervous system through olfactory nerves and can even reach medulla. Neurological manifestations are observed more frequently i...

Authors: Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan Unnithan

Assessment of the response to antiepileptic drugs in epileptic patients with structural lesion(s) on neuroimaging

Focal epilepsy is the most common form of epilepsy in adults. Advances in brain imaging allowed better identification of different structural lesions underlying focal epilepsy. However, the response to antiepi...

Authors: Maha Atef Zaki, Lamiaa Nazeeh ElSherif and Reham Mohamed Shamloul

Serum leptin and body mass index in a sample of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients

The adipose tissues release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin that can be considered a link between obesity and autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate a possible correlation between BMI, serum l...

Authors: Mohamed A. Abd Elhafeez, Dina A. Zamzam, Mohamed M. Fouad, Hala M. Elkhawas and Hend A. Abdel Rahman

Neurologic manifestations of COVID-19: what can we learn from other coronaviruses

Authors: Zohreh Jadali

Pain related viral infections: a literature review

Pain is a common health problem all around the world. The pain symptoms are various depending on the underlying disease or the direct cause of pain itself. Viral infection could cause arthralgia or acute-onset...

Authors: I. Putu Eka Widyadharma, Putri Rossyana Dewi, Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti and Desak Ketut Indrasari Utami

Gabapentin as an adjuvant therapy to splinting in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS): a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common upper limb entrapment neuropathy; severe cases are treated surgically and mild to moderate can be managed conservatively. The purpose of this systematic review and meta...

Authors: Ahmed M. Ahmed, Osama G. Hassan and Ahmed A. Khalifa

Outcome predictors of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke patients: an Egyptian center experiences

Intravenous thrombolytic therapy remains the guideline-recommended treatment to improve outcomes after acute ischemic stroke. However, the functional outcome among patients with acute ischemic stroke after rec...

Authors: Mohamed A. Tork, Hany M. Aref, Hala M. El-Khawas, Mohamed F. Khalil and Ahmed ElSadek

Diagnostic value of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and high mobility group box 1 in patients with refractory epilepsy

There are large numbers of inflammatory molecules and humoral mediators that can be involved in the epileptogenesis such as cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1). We...

Authors: Khalid S. Salih, Farqad B. Hamdan and Qasim S. Al-Mayah

Lentiform fork sign in a uremic patient with a high anion gap metabolic acidosis with seizures: a case report from North West of Ireland

Lentiform fork sign is a neuroradiological abnormality which is encountered in the clinical practice associated with uremic encephalopathy, dialysis disequilibrium syndrome and metabolic acidosis.

Authors: Salman Mansoor, Lize De Klerk, James Lineen, Muhammad Fahad, Imran Ali, Barry Coffey, Monica Ann Mulry, Shoab Saadat, Siobhan Kelly, Mohammad Hijaz Adenan and Kevin Murphy

Attitude and experience of neurologists towards percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: an Egyptian study

Dysphagia is a common symptom among various neurological diseases. Guidelines recommend gastrostomy insertion for prolonged dysphagia with lower rate of intervention failure encountered with percutaneous endos...

Authors: Sherien Farag, Shady S. Georgy, Mai Fathy, Ahmed elSadek and Khaled O. Abdulghani

Peripheral embolization following thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke—a case report

Intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator is the only golden approved medical therapy for acute ischemic stroke, guidelines for its injection relay on reducing or preventing associated hemorrhage as...

Authors: Tamer Roushdy, Eman Hamid, Mai Fathy, Islam Bastawy, Hany Aref and Nevine El Nahas

Prevalence of peripheral arterial diseases in patients with large artery ischemic stroke and its prognostic value

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) can be an important predictor of comorbid cerebrovascular disease (CVD). However, it is not sufficiently investigated or considered in the management and prevention of stroke.

Authors: Sherien Farag, Mahmoud Elbalkimy, Ahmed Elbassiouny, John George and Mai Fathy

Cognitive and balance impairments in people with incidental white matter hyperintensities

White matter hyperintensities (WMHs) is the most frequent type of cerebral small vessel diseases and a common incidental finding in MRI films of the geriatric population. The objectives of this work were to st...

Authors: Amr El Sayed Ali Mohamed Tag Eldin, Wafik Said Bahnasy, Naglaa Lotfy Dabees and Hazem Abd El-Rahman Fayed

Effect of mirror therapy on hand functions in Egyptian chronic stroke patients

Most stroke survivors (more than 60%) suffer from persistent neurological impairments that significantly affect activities of daily living. Hand functions are essential for doing daily living and working activ...

Authors: Hussein Shaker, Ebtesam Mohammed Fahmy, Ayman Anwar Nassif Honin and Shaimaa Shaheen Mohamed

A model of cognitive evaluation battery for diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in educated and illiterate Egyptian elderly people

The high illiteracy rates in the North African and Middle Eastern region make direct cognitive testing challenging. Validated instruments for dementia in Arabic language are lacking specially those targeting l...

Authors: Nehal ElKholy, Heba Mohamed Tawfik, Somaia Ebeid, Omaima Refat Elsayed Madkor and Sarah Ahmed Hamza

Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid flow dynamic changes in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension using phase contrast cine MR imaging

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) mainly affects overweight women in the middle age period. The pathophysiology of IIH stays unclear, but suggested mechanisms include excess CSF production, reduced CS...

Authors: Tamer Belal, Abd-Elhalim Al Tantawy, Fatema Mohamed Sherif and Alshaimaa Ramadan

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy after acute ischemic stroke with large penumbra: a case report

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for the treatment of acute stroke has been under the radar for a long time. Previous studies have not been able to prove efficacy. Several factors might have contributed to suc...

Authors: Omar Hussein, Khalid Sawalha, Ahmed Abd Elazim, Diana Greene-Chandos and Michel T. Torbey

The management of subacute and chronic vascular aphasia: an updated review

Post-stroke aphasia (PSA) is an impairment of the generation or comprehension of language due to acute cerebrovascular lesions. Subacute phase span the 7th day to 24 weeks post-onset while > 6 months is termed...

Authors: Samwel Sylvester Msigwa and Xianglin Cheng

Coexistence of anti-MuSK antibody-positive myasthenia gravis and rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized with symmetric synovitis and occasional extra articular involvement; also, some neurologic disorders can be observed during the disease course. ...

Authors: Amber Eker, Mehtap Tınazlı and Senem Ertugrul Mut

Prevalence of internal carotid artery morphological variations and its association with cerebrovascular ischemic stroke (hospital-based study)

Morphological variations (MV) in the course of the internal carotid artery (ICA) are commonly identified. Their prevalence and relationship with ischemic stroke (IS) remain unclear. The present study attempted...

Authors: Noha AboElfetouh, Eman Khedr, Hesham Aboloyoun, Mahmoud Nageeb and Ahmed Nasreldein

Public knowledge about Alzheimer disease in Mecca Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Raising the general population knowledge of Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for optimizing care and ultimately enhancing the quality of life of people diagnosed and their caregivers.

Authors: Faisal Salem Alhumaidi, Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui, Abdulaziz Fahad Altowairqi, Hattan Hassan Alshawkani, Bashar Omar Babkour and Fahad Khalid Alaugla

Platelet-rich plasma injection versus surgical and medical treatment of mild-moderate carpal tunnel syndrome

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) accounts for approximately 90% of peripheral entrapment neuropathy cases. Treatments of CTS as splinting, corticosteroid injection, and surgery are not 100% effective, and alternat...

Authors: MA Eltabl, DS Saif and SE Alemam

Association of miR-196a2 and miR-149 single-nucleotide polymorphisms with atherosclerotic ischemic stroke susceptibility

Beside common risk factors for stroke such as diabetes and hypertension, single-nucleotide variants occurring within micro RNA genes have been identified as susceptibility loci for ischemic stroke risk.

Authors: Dina Mahmoud, Ola El-Sisi, Marwa Sheta, Sandra Ahmed, Mona Fathy, Kareeman Gomaa and Tarek Ramzy

Retinal nerve fiber layer and ganglion cell layer changes using optical coherence tomography in patients with chronic migraine: a case-control study

Migraine is a prevalent, chronic, and multifactorial neurovascular disease.

Authors: Dalia M. Labib, Montaser Hegazy, Soheir Mohamed Esmat, Enas Abdel Hamid Ali and Foraysa Talaat

Association between serum bilirubin and migraine in children and adolescents

Migraine in children and adolescents is very common and can be associated with equivalents, psychiatric disorders, or abnormal electroencephalogram findings. Neurogenic inflammation is involved in migraine pat...

Authors: Hosna S. Elshony, Wafik M. El Sheikh and Mostafa S. Melake

Persistent idiopathic unilateral isolated hypoglossal nerve palsy – a report of two cases

Isolated unilateral hypoglossal nerve palsy is an infrequent condition that usually appears in connection to an underlying disease. Rarely, the cause cannot be determined, and there is no symptom remission.

Authors: Clement Olesen, Martin Biilmann Groen, Jonatan Forsberg and Ronald Antulov

Somatic cough syndrome: a report of two cases and review of literature

Somatic cough syndrome is a somatization disorder that usually presents in children and which is often diagnosed late after an extensive search for organic causes. The condition was redefined by the DSM-5 crit...

Authors: Mahmoud Bashtawi, Amal Abuabada and Belal Aldabbour

Role of circulating miR 194-5p, miR 106b, and miR 146a as potential biomarkers for epilepsy: a case-control study

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease. A suitable biomarker for epilepsy diagnosis remains lacking. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were pronounced as promising biomarkers for epileptogenesis.

Authors: Mervat Moustafa, Noha T. Abokrysha, Nermeen A. Eldesoukey, Dalia Gamil Amin, Nesma Mounir and Dalia M. Labib

Public awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward Alzheimer’s disease in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major public health problem and represents commonest form of dementia that affects many aspects of brain functions and contributes to 60–70% of dementia cases. No study has been c...

Authors: Adel Ali Alhazzani, Ali Mohammed Alqahtani, Mohammed Saeed Alqahtani, Tariq Mohammed Alahmari and Abdulmajeed Abdullah Zarbah

Doctor-patient distancing: an early experience of telemedicine for postoperative neurosurgical care in the time of COVID-19

Telemedicine remains an important tool of healthcare services delivery especially in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its advantages include saving the time and money of the patients and the prevention of inf...

Authors: Ahmed Hamdy Ashry and Mohamed Fathalla Alsawy

Serum zinc and copper levels in a sample of Egyptian epileptic children

Epilepsy is among the most common disabling neurological disorders among children. Altered serum levels of zinc and copper may facilitate seizure occurrence and repetition, and antiepileptic drugs may disturb ...

Authors: Mona A. Eissa, Khaled O. Abdulghani, Maha A. Nada, Hala M. Elkhawas, Ahmed E. Shouman and Nahed S. Ahmed

Migraine and tension headache comorbidity with hypothyroidism in Egypt

Migraine, tension type headache (TTH), and hypothyroidism are clinical problems that affect patient daily activities and quality of life.

Authors: Ali A. Abou Elmaaty, Mohamed E. Flifel, Tamer Belal and Carmen A. Zarad

An adult woman with transient headache, neurological deficits, and lymphocytic pleocytosis (HaNDL syndrome) with intracerebral melanosis: case report

Headache with a neurological deficit and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lymphocytosis (HaNDL) is usually under-recognized and under-reported. HaNDL is a self-limiting condition, but the grave symptoms require a lar...

Authors: Nesma A. M. Ghonimi, Mai A. AbdAlla and Rasha M. Fahmi

The relationship between oxidative stress and acute ischemic stroke severity and functional outcome

Cerebral ischemia initiates an oxidative stress response in the brain which is a composite process that involves many oxidative stress biomarkers. High levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with acute is...

Authors: Wael M. Elsayed, El-Hady A. Abdel-Gawad, Dalia I. A. Mesallam and Tamer S. El-Serafy