Table 3 Characteristics of COVID-19 patients with acute ischemic stroke (n = 85)
From: Neurological manifestations in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a cross-sectional study
Characteristic | n (%) |
|---|---|
Age, years (mean ± SD) | 65.31 ± 15.7 (28–99) |
Age group (years) | |
< 20 | 0 |
20–40 | 2 (2.4%) |
40–60 | 22 (25.9%) |
> 60 | 61 (71.8%) |
Gender (female) | 33 (38.8%) |
Mechanical ventilation | 42 (49.4%) |
Chest computed tomography severity score (0–20) (mean ± SD) | 8.51 ± 4.49 (1–18) |
Timing of acute ischemic stroke, n (%) | |
At the onset of COVID-19 symptoms | 17 (20%) |
Several days after COVID-19 symptoms | 16 (18.8%) |
Several weeks after COVID-19 symptoms | 39 (45.9%) |
Before clinical signs & symptoms of COVID-19 | 13 (15.3%) |
Neurologic presentation, n (%) | |
Focal neurological deficit | 64 (75.3%) |
Loss of consciousness | 12 (14.1%) |
Headache | 0 |
Seizure | 0 |
Vertigo | 1 (1.2%) |
Ataxia | 2 (2.4%) |
Visual loss | 3 (3.5%) |
Cognitive disorder | 3 (3.5%) |
Risk factor, n (%) | |
Hypertension | 64 (75.3%) |
Diabetes mellitus | 36 (42.4%) |
Prior intracranial hemorrhage | 21 (24.7%) |
Heart disease | 14 (16.5%) |
Current smoker | 12 (14.1%) |
Rheumatologic disorder | 2 (2.4%) |
More than one risk factor | 31 (36.47%) |
Diagnosis of COVID-19, n (%) | |
Definite | 48 (56.8%) |
Probable | 24 (28.2%) |
Possible | 13 (15.3%) |
Hemorrhagic infarct, n (%) | 11 (12.9%) |
Location of infarct evidence on CT or MRI, n (%) | |
Superior middle cerebral artery (MCA) | 14 (16.5%) |
Inferior MCA | 11 (12.8%) |
Proximal stem middle cerebral artery | 23 (27.1%) |
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA) | 1 (1.2%) |
Posterior cerebral artery | 5 (5.9%) |
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery | 1 (1.2%) |
Basilar artery | 11 (12.9%) |
Lenticulostriate artery | 14 (16.5%) |
More than one territory in both hemispheres | 2 (2.4%) |
Cortical border zone (between ACA & MCA) | 3 (3.5%) |
Ejection fraction on echocardiography (mean ± SD) | 43.97 ± 11.51 (10–60) |
Laboratory findings upon admission (mean ± SD) | |
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (mm/hr) | 36.39 ± 22.7 |
C-reactive protein (mg/L) | |
(-) | 30 (35.3%) |
( +) | 23 (27.1%) |
(+ +) | 6 (7.1%) |
(+ + +) | 8 (9.4%) |
Prothrombin time (s) | 14.08 ± 3.5 |
Activated partial thromboplastin time (s) | 34.96 ± 9.15 |
International normalized ratio | 1.28 ± 0 |
Blood sugar (mmol/L) | 186.27 ± 82.37 |
Troponin, n (%) | |
Negative | 72 (84.7%) |
Weakly positive | 9 (10.6%) |
Positive | 3 (3.5%) |
D-dimer – high, n (%) | 21 (24.7%) |
Medications, n (%) | |
Antiplatelet therapy (dual or single therapy) | 81 (95%) |
Anticoagulation | 10 (11.8%) |
Intravenous tissue plasminogen activator | 2 (2.4%) |
Hemicraniectomy | 1 (1.2%) |
Osmotic therapy | 2 (3.5%) |
Outcomes, n (%) | |
Discharged home | 40 (47.1%) |
Referred to another center | 9 (10.6%) |
Died in hospital | 36 (42.4%) |