Table 1 Specific examples of using ChatGPT in psychiatry

Teaching in social psychiatry

• ChatGTP was found to have the following functions:

▪ Acting as an information provider

▪ Used as a tool for debate and discussions

▪ Used in content creation for course materials

▪ Generate hypothetical case vignettes in the area of social psychiatry

[13]

Clinical and ethical reasoning, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis using psychiatry case vignettes

• The study investigated ChatGPT’s ability in clinical and ethical reasoning, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis using 100 psychiatry case vignettes, with the following performance:

▪ Scored grade A for 61 cases

▪ Scored grade B for 31 cases

▪ Scored grade C for 8 cases

▪ No responses were graded  "D"

[14]

Generation of psychodynamic formulation for psychiatric cases

• ChatGPT could generate psychodynamic formulations that were rated appropriate by psychiatrists

• The formulations were further improved by additional instructions such as self-psychology, ego-psychology and object relations

[15]

Answering questions about clinical psychiatry

• The study compared answers from participants (psychiatrists and psychiatry residents) regarding clinical psychiatry questions using information from ChatGPT and other sources

• Participants who used ChatGPT outperformed those who used other sources of information

• ChatGPT performed well with an overall score of 8 out of 10 for accuracy, nuance and completeness

[16]

Diagnosis and treatment recommendation

• A hypothetical psychiatric case was presented to ChatGPT

• The performance of ChatGPT was as follows:

▪ Correctly gave the diagnosis of treatment-resistant schizophrenia

▪ Provided relevant tests to rule of other causes of psychosis

▪ Proposed treatment plans consistent with current standards of care, including medications

▪ Provided a comprehensive list of potential side effects of the proposed medications

[17]

Use of ChatGPT to train a machine learning (ML) model for identification of a psychiatric disorder

• The study used ChatGPT to train an ML model for identification of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after childbirth

• The ML model was able to identify childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) based on maternal childbirth narrative data

[18]