Table 1 Characteristics of studies
Author | Year | Country | Study design | Medical condition | Types of seizures | Sample size | Mean age/median age in years | Male-to-female ratio(M/F) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chen [18] | 2021 | China | Retrospective case–control | Epilepsy | – | 141 | Mean (± SD) 33.49 (± 1.42) | 89/52 |
Taghreed l [19] | 2018 | Egypt | Retrospective case–control | Refractory epilepsy | Partial seizure, generalized seizure, multiple seizure | 186 93 case 93 control | Mean (± SD) 5.7 (± 3.0) refractory group 5.4 (± 2.9) responsive group | 118/68 |
Jeong [20] | 2017 | USA and Belgium | Retrospective case–control | Epilepsy and tuberous sclerosis complex | Infantile seizure, focal seizure, others | 1546 | Median (IQR) 16 (9.6 – 25.5) | 803/743 |
Gasparin Sara [21] | 2013 | Italy | Retrospective case–control | Cryptogenic focal epilepsy | – | 186 | Median (IQR) 25 (9–99) | 105/81 |
Rawat [22] | 2018 | India | Prospective cohort | Epilepsy | – | 1056 | Median (IQR) 20 (5–67) | 665/391 |
Berg [23] | 2011 | USA | Prospective cohort | Epilepsy | – | 613 | – | – |
Berg [24] | 2014 | USA | Prospective cohort | Epilepsy | – | 599 | – | 307/292 |
Karaoglu [25] | 2021 | Turkey | Retrospective case–control | Epilepsy | – | 458 | Mean (± SD) 7.37 (± 4.72) | 248/210 |
Lattanzi [26] | 2021 | Italy | Retrospective case–control | Post-stroke epilepsy | Focal onset, focal to bilateral tonic–clonic, generalized, unknown | 159 | – | 104/55 |
Ramos-Lizana [27] | 2009 | Spain | Prospective cohort | Epilepsy | Partial, generalized | 343 | Mean (± SD) 4.8 (± 3.8) | 191/152 |
Ayca [28] | 2019 | Turkey | Retrospective case–control | Epilepsy | Generalized tonic–clonic, myoclonic | 241 | Mean (± SD) 7.00 (± 4.36) Intractable group 7.00 (± 4.36) Control group | 130/111 |
Tripathi [29] | 2011 | India | Retrospective case–control | Intractable epilepsy and well-controlled epilepsy | Generalized, partial, myoclonic, other/mixed | 400 200 intractable 200 control | – | Case 142/58 Control 128/72 |