Table 3 Ongoing phase 3 trials on anti-amyloid and non-anti-amyloid therapy in AD by year 2023 [129]
From: Targeting the molecular web of Alzheimer’s disease: unveiling pathways for effective pharmacotherapy
Agent | Mechanism of action | Target type and therapeutic purpose | Clinical Trials gov identifier | Start date | Status of estimated primary completion date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crenezumab | Monoclonal antibody directed at oligomers | Remove amyloid | NCT02670083 | Dec 2013 | March 2022 |
Gantenerumab | Monoclonal antibody | Remove amyloid | NCT02051608 NCT01224106 | Nov 2010 | Nov 2022 Active Not recruiting |
GV-971(sodium oligomannate) | Aβ aggregation inhibitor | Amyloid-related | NCT02293915 | Oct 2022 | Oct 2026 |
AXS-05 (dextromethorphan and bupropion) | Sigma-1 receptor agonist, NMDA receptor antagonist and dopamine-nor epinephrine reuptake inhibitor | Neurotransmitter based; BPSD (agitation) | NCT0494755 NCT05557409 | June 2021 Sept 2022 | June 2023 June 2025 Recruiting |
Aducanumab | Selectively binding amyloid aggregates in both the oligomeric and fibrillary states rather than amyloid monomers | Remove amyloid | NCT04241068 NCT05310071 | Mar 2022 June 2022 | Oct 2023 Dec 2025 Ongoing |
AGB101 (Levetiracetam) | SV2A Modulator, CA3 area downregulation | Synaptic plasticity, neuroprotection | NCT03486938 | Dec 2022 | Dec 2025 |
Donepezil | Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, adipokine modulation | Neurotransmitter receptor | NCT04661280 NCT05592678 | Feb 2022 Feb 2023 | Aug 2024 Feb 2027 |
E2814 | Anti -tau monoclonal antibody | Tau | NCT01760005 NCT05269394 | Dec 2012 Dec 2021 | Oct 2027 Jul 2017 |
Lecanemab | Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody directed at amyloid protofibrils and amyloid plaques | Aβ | NCT01760005 NCT03887455 NCT04468659 NCT05269394 | Dec 2012 Mar 2019 Jul 2020 Dec 2021 | Oct 2027 Sept 2027 Oct 2027 Jul 2027 |
Solanezumab | Anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody directed at amyloid monomers | Aβ | NCT01760005 NCT02008357 | Dec 2012 Feb 2014 | Oct 2027 Dec 2022 |