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The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 1 Comparison of CDS scores

From: Cognitive distortions and perfectionism during bipolar and unipolar depressive episode

Variables

UD

BD

HC

F valueb

Kruskal–Wallis H value

Post-Hoc

n2

X̄ ± SD

X̄ ± SD

X̄ ± SD

CDS total

85,21 ± 20,23

77,98 ± 23,35

40,98 ± 13,99

 

121.9*

aUD = BD > HC

0.50

CDS social

43,47 ± 10,16

39,01 ± 12,06

20,66 ± 7,37

 

118.4*

aUD = BD > HC

0.49

CDS success

41,85 ± 11,17

38,95 ± 11,68

20,32 ± 6,92

 

119.3*

aUD = BD > HC

0.49

Mind reading total

9,03 ± 2,66

8,17 ± 3,19

4,53 ± 2,20

 

84.36*

aUD = BD > HC

0.34

Social

4,63 ± 1,38

4,11 ± 1,59

2,31 ± 1,86

 

85.71*

aUD = BD > HC

0.35

Success

4,4 ± 1,49

4,06 ± 1,73

2,22 ± 1,09

67.20*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.30

Catastrophizing total

8,91 ± 2,94

7,98 ± 3,46

4,41 ± 2,30

66.54*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.30

Social

4,35 ± 1,61

3,95 ± 1,88

2,31 ± 1,28

44.96*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.23

Success

4,56 ± 1,58

4,03 ± 1,83

2,10 ± 1,15

73.72*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.32

All or nothing total

8,28 ± 3,17

7,77 ± 2,98

3,85 ± 1,56

96.65*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.35

Social

4,35 ± 1,78

3,75 ± 1,70

1,92 ± 0,89

78.67*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.31

Success

3,93 ± 1,73

4,02 ± 1,60

1,92 ± 0,88

77.84*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.30

Emotional reasoning total

8,91 ± 2,99

7,73 ± 3,26

4,30 ± 2,11

73.36*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.32

Social

4,57 ± 1,58

3,9 ± 1,74

2,25 ± 1,2

60.74*

 

dUD > BD > HC

0.29

Success

4,33 ± 1,73

3,81 ± 1,67

2,05 ± 1,16

 

70.45*

aUD = BD > HC

0.28

Labeling total

8,23 ± 3,19

6,6 ± 3,22

3,71 ± 2,27

 

76.03*

aUD = BD > HC

0.31

Social

4,1 ± 1,63

3,36 ± 1,69

1,95 ± 1,25

 

66.25*

aUD = BD > HC

0.27

Success

4,13 ± 1,71

3,23 ± 1,69

1,76 ± 1,17

 

73.80*

aUD = BD > HC

0.30

Mental filter total

8,33 ± 2,81

7,91 ± 3,0

4,16 ± 1,89

80.90*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.31

Social

4,02 ± 1,5

3,96 ± 1,62

1,98 ± 0,93

76.92*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.31

Success

4,28 ± 1,58

3,95 ± 1,57

2,17 ± 1,16

58.52*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.29

Overgeneralization total

8,98 ± 3,02

8,71 ± 3,31

4,17 ± 2,07

94.03*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.37

Social

4,57 ± 1,64

4,38 ± 1,87

2,17 ± 1,15

75.0*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.32

Success

4,41 ± 1,76

4,32 ± 1,74

2,0 ± 1,12

79.45*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.33

Personalization total

7,83 ± 3,07

7,48 ± 3,03

4,28 ± 2,54

 

60.75

aUD = BD > HC

0.24

Social

3,95 ± 1,69

3,75 ± 1,58

2,12 ± 1,39

32.77*

 

cUD = BD > HC

0.21

Success

3,87 ± 1,72

3,73 ± 1,55

2,16 ± 1,38

33.02*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.19

Should statements total

8,58 ± 2,78

7,67 ± 3,18

3,92 ± 2,24

 

88.23*

aUD = BD > HC

0.36

Social

4,36 ± 1,54

3,8 ± 1,73

1,8 ± 0,11

 

83.33*

aUD = BD > HC

0.34

Success

4,22 ± 1,59

3,87 ± 1,61

2,05 ± 1,26

56.44*

 

dUD = BD > HC

0.29

Discounting the positive total

8,45 ± 3,33

8,0 ± 3,48

3,61 ± 1,99

 

86.60*

aUD = BD > HC

0.35

Social

4,3 ± 1,78

4,12 ± 1,91

1,83 ± 1,05

 

78.11*

aUD = BD > HC

0.32

Success

4,15 ± 1,79

3,87 ± 1,71

1,77 ± 1,05

 

80.96*

aUD = BD > HC

0.33

  1. n2Eta square (effect size): 0.02–0.12 = small effect, 0.13–0.25 = medium effect, 0.26 ≤ large effect
  2. CDS Cognitive distortions scale, SD Standard deviation
  3. *All are significant at p < 0.001
  4. aPairwise comparison test was applied with Mann–Whitney U test
  5. bOne-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied
  6. cTukey post-hoc analysis was applied
  7. dGames–Howell post-hoc analysis was applied
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