Table 2 Baseline characteristics of the included studies

Haley et al. 2010

TNK 0.1: 31

31

TNK 0.1: 67 ± 19

72 ± 16

TNK 0.1: 12 (39%)

17 (51%)

TNK 0.1: 8 (5–11)

13 (5–17)

NA

NA

TNK 0.25: 31

TNK 0.25: 69 ± 15

TNK 0.25: 16 (52%)

TNK 0.25: 10 (6–15)

TNK 0.4: 19

TNK 0.4: 68 ± 16

TNK 0.4: 13 (68%)

TNK 0.4: 9 (5–17)

Parsons et al. 2012

TNK 0.1: 25

25

TNK 0.1: 72 ± 6.9

70 ± 8.4

TNK 0.1: 13 (52%)

12 (48%)

TNK 0.1: 14.5 ± 2.3

14 ± 2.3

TNK 0.1: 3.1 ± 0.9 h

2.7 ± 0.8 h

TNK 0.25: 25

TNK 0.25: 68 ± 9.4

TNK 0.25: 13 (52%)

TNK 0.25: 14.6 ± 2.3

TNK 0.25: 3.0 ± 0.7 h

Huang et al. 2015

47

49

71 ± 13

71 ± 12

30 (64%)

31 (63%)

12 (9–18)

11 (8–16)

184 ± 44

192 ± 45

Logallo et al. 2017

549

551

70.8 ± 14.4

71.2 ± 13.2

321 (58%)

339 (62%)

5.6 ± 5.4

5.8 ± 5.2

118 (79–180)

111 (80–174)

Campbell et al. 2018

101

101

70.4 ± 15.1

71.9 ± 13.7

58 (57%)

52 (51%)

17 (12–22)

17 (12–22)

125 (102–156)

134 (104–176)

Menon et al. 2022

806

771

73.33 ± 14.85

72.67 ± 15.6

424 (52.6%)

398 (51.6%)

10.33 ± 7.43

11 ± 8.14

135 ± 69.05

138 ± 69.1

Kvistad et al. 2022

100

104

73.2 ± 12.6

68.6 ± 15.6

45 (45%)

53 (51%)

13.4 ± 6.6

13.2 ± 6.4

103.16 ± 51.90

105 ± 52.62

Li et al. 2022

TNK 0.1: 60

59

TNK 0.1: 62.4 ± 11.1

66.5 ± 12.6

TNK 0.1: 48 (80%)

38 (64.41%)

TNK 0.1: 7.0 (5.0–10.0)

8.0 (5.0–12.0)

TNK 0.1: 154 (56–195)

153 (18–187)

TNK 0.25: 57

TNK 0.25: 64.3 ± 12.8

TNK 0.25: 42 (73.68%)

TNK 0.25: 8.0 (5.0–12.0)

TNK 0.25: 149 (80–179)

TNK 0.32: 60

TNK 0.32: 64.8 ± 12.1

TNK 0.32: 42 (70%)

TNK 0.32: 7.5 (6.0–12.0)

TNK 0.32: 147 (69–220)

Bivard et al. 2022

55

49

76 (60–84)

73 (61–80)

33 (60%)

30 (61%)

8 (5–14)

8 (5–17)

97 (68–157)

92 (66–31)

Wang et al. 2023

710

707

67 (58–73)

65 (58–72)

492 (69%)

479 (68%)

7 (5–10)

7 (6–10)

180 (135–222)

178.5 (135–230)

Haley et al. 2010

TNK 0.1: 25 (81%)

22 (71%)

TNK 0.1: 6 (19%)

4 (13%)

TNK 0.1: 16 (52%)

17 (55%)

NA

NA

TNK 0.1: 6 (19%)

4 (13%)

TNK 0.1: 2 (6.5%)

7 (23%)

NA

NA

TNK 0.25: 25 (81%)

TNK 0.25: 7 (23%)

TNK 0.25: 15 (48%)

TNK 0.25: 10 (32%)

TNK 0.25: 7 (23%)

TNK 0.4: 17 (90%)

TNK 0.4: 4 (21%)

TNK 0.4: 8 (42%)

TNK 0.4: 5 (26%)

TNK 0.4: 0 (0%)

Parsons et al. 2012

TNK 0.1: 16 (64%)

15 (60%)

TNK 0.1: 8 (32%)

1 (4%)

TNK 0.1: 13 (52%)

9 (36%)

TNK 0.1: 9 (36%)

6 (24%)

NA

NA

TNK 0.1: 9 (36%)

1 (4%)

NA

NA

TNK 0.25: 16 (64%)

TNK 0.25: 6 (24%)

TNK 0.25: 15 (60%)

TNK 0.25: 13 (52%)

TNK 0.25: 5 (20%)

Huang et al. 2015

20 (43%)

28 (57%)

7 (15%)

7 (14%)

4 (9%)

7 (14%)

19 (40%)

15 (31%)

12 (26%)

11 (22%)

13 (28%)

10 (20%)

NA

NA

Logallo et al. 2017

246 (45%)

236 (43%)

72 (13%)

74 (13%)

61 (11%)

65 (12%)

50 (9%)

69 (13%)

119 (22%)

120 (22%)

169 (31%)

177 (32%)

27 (5%)

35 (6%)

Campbell et al. 2018

64 (63%)

63 (62%)

10 (10%)

18 (18%)

NA

NA

27 (27%)

40 (40%)

NA

NA

18 (18%)

11 (11%)

7 (7%)

12 (12%)

Menon et al. 2022

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

NA

Kvistad et al. 2022

56 (56%)

48 (46%)

17 (17%)

11 (11%)

30 (30%)

33 (32%)

9 (9%)

8 (8%)

NA

NA

24 (24%)

25 (24%)

NA

NA

Li et al. 2022

TNK 0.1: 43 (71.7)

42 (71.2)

TNK 0.1: 14 (23.3)

11 (18.6)

TNK 0.1: 17 (28.3)

11 (18.6)

TNK 0.1: 8 (13.3)

6 (10.2)

NA

NA

TNK 0.1: 25 (41.7)

24 (40.7)

0

0

TNK 0.25: 37 (64.9)

TNK 0.25: 9 (15.8)

TNK 0.25: 13 (22.8)

TNK 0.25: 4 (7.0)

TNK 0.25: 25 (43.9)

TNK 0.32: 35 (58.3)

TNK 0.32: 15 (25.0)

TNK 0.32: 10 (16.7)

TNK 0.32: 14 (23.3)

TNK 0.32: 21 (35.0)

Bivard et al. 2022

30 (55%)

31 (63%)

11 (30%)

17 (35%)

21 (38%)

22 (45%)

8 (15%)

7 (15%)

12 (21.82%)

13 (26.53%)

8 (15%)

9 (18%)

3 (5%)

6 (12%)

Wang et al. 2023

510 (72%)

512 (72%)

172 (24%)

207 (29%)

130 (18%)

160 (23%)

137 (19%)

146 (21%)

NA

NA

266 (38%)

276 (39%)

0

0