Table 1 Recommended Friedman diagnosis criteria of PTCS [10]

1. Essential criteria diagnosis

a. Papilledema

b. Routine neurologic examination findings-except cranial nerve abnormalities

c. Normal neuroimaging findings: absence of hydrocephalus, structural lesion, an abnormal meninges involvement in brain MRI with/without contrast. Routine venography MRI with/without contrast if the patient is not obese patient and female

d. Normal CSF composition

e. Increased CSF opening pressure (≥ 25 cmH₂O) with correctly performed lumbar puncture

2. Diagnosis of PTCS without papilledema:

Unilateral or bilateral abducens nerve palsy with criteria b-e must be fulfilled

If there is no papilledema or abducens nerve palsy, PTCS can be suggested, but not a definite diagnosis

Recommendation of a PTCS can be made with at least three MRI findings together with criteria b-e:

• Empty sella

• Posterior globe flattening

• Distension of preoptic subarachnoid space (with/without tortuous optic nerve)

• Transverse venous sinus stenosis