Role of personality, health beliefs and fear of COVID-19 in engagement of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors among Egyptians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Fouad, Eman; Bassiony, Medhat; Atta, Samar; Elrafey, Dina; Said, Mervat

doi:10.1186/s41983-023-00724-5

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 1 Relation between personality type and HBM, fear of COVID-19 and adaptive behavior

From: Role of personality, health beliefs and fear of COVID-19 in engagement of adaptive and maladaptive behaviors among Egyptians during COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study

Variable			Hand hygiene				p	Social distance				p
Variable			Low (n = 577)		High (n = 425)			Low (n = 636)		High (n = 366)
Personality trait			No	%	No	%		No	%	No	%
Extraversion	Low to normal	N = 255	142	55.7	113	44.3	0.477	151	59.2	104	40.8	0.102
Extraversion	High	N = 747	435	58.2	312	41.8	0.477	485	64.9	262	35.1	0.102
Neuroticism	Low to normal	N = 468	282	60.3	186	39.7	0.109	307	65.6	161	34.4	0.191
Neuroticism	High	N = 534	295	55.2	239	44.8	0.109	329	61.6	205	38.4	0.191
Agreeableness	Low to normal	N = 23	18	78.3	5	21.7	0.042*	18	78.3	5	21.7	0.136
Agreeableness	High	N = 979	559	57.1	420	42.9	0.042*	618	63.1	361	36.9	0.136
Openness	Low to normal	N = 139	91	65.5	48	34.5	0.043*	96	69.1	43	30.9	0.14
Openness	High	N = 863	486	56.3	377	43.7	0.043*	540	62.6	323	37.4	0.14
Conscientiousness	Low to normal	N = 120	80	66.7	40	33.3	0.032*	86	71.7	34	28.3	0.047*
Conscientiousness	High	N = 882	496	56.3	385	43.7	0.032*	550	62.4	331	37.6	0.047*
HBM items
Perceived susceptibility	Low	N = 406	232	57.1	174	42.9	0.815	252	62.1	154	37.9	0.446
Perceived susceptibility	High	N = 596	345	57.9	251	42.1	0.815	384	64.4	212	35.6	0.446
Perceived severity	Low	N = 418	246	58.9	172	41.1	0.492	273	65.3	145	34.7	0.307
Perceived severity	High	N = 584	331	56.7	373	43.3	0.492	363	62.2	221	37.8	0.307
Barrier to hand hygiene	No	N = 604	296	49	308	51	< 0.001 **	353	58.4	251	41.6	< 0.001 **
Barrier to hand hygiene	Yes	N = 398	281	70.6	117	29.4	< 0.001 **	283	71.1	115	28.9	< 0.001 **
Barrier to social distance	No	N = 462	220	47.6	242	52.4	< 0.001 **	254	55	208	45	< 0.001 **
Barrier to social distance	Yes	N = 540	357	66.1	183	33.9	< 0.001 **	382	70.7	158	29.3	< 0.001 **
Self-efficacy	Low	N = 547	365	66.7	182	33.3	< 0.001 **	388	70.9	159	9.1	< 0.001 **
Self-efficacy	High	N = 455	212	46.6	243	53.4	< 0.001 **	248	54.5	207	45.5	< 0.001 **
Benefit of hand hygiene	No	N = 441	277	62.8	164	37.2	0.003*	294	66.7	147	33.3	0.063
Benefit of hand hygiene	Yes	N = 561	300	53.5	261	46.5	0.003*	342	61	219	39	0.063
Benefit of social distance	No	N = 479	314	65.6	165	34.4	< 0.001 **	332	69.3	147	30.7	< 0.001 **
Benefit of social distance	Yes	N = 523	263	50.3	260	49.7	< 0.001 **	304	58.1	219	41.9	< 0.001 **
Fear of COVID-19
High (≥ 18)		N = 531	272	51.2	259	48.8	< 0.001 **	307	57.8	224	42.2	< 0.001 **
Low (˂ 18)		N = 471	305	64.8	166	35.2	< 0.001 **	329	69.9	142	30.1	< 0.001 **

p for Chi-square test
*p < 0.05 is statistically significant **p < 0.001 is statistically highly significant

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