Clinical and radiological profile of cavernous sinus syndrome: a study from eastern part of India

Table 3 Comparison of clinical and radiological features between Tolosa Hunt syndrome and other etiologies

	Tolosa Hunt Syndrome (n = 73)	Non-THS^# (n = 19)		Infective^‡ (n = 14)		Tuberculosis (n = 10)
	n (%)	n (%)	P value	nN (%)	P value	n (%)	P value
Clinical features
Headache	71 (97.3)	19 (100)	1.000	14 (100)	1.000	10 (100)	1.000
Diplopia	67 (91.8)	19 (100)	0.3388	14 (100)	0.5836	10 (100)	1.000
Ptosis	66 (90.4)	18 (94.7)	0.3376	14 (100)	0.5921	10 (100)	0.59
Proptosis	2 (2.7)	12 (63.2)	< 0.001*	9 (64.3)	< 0.001*	5 (50)	< 0.001*
Nasal blockage	–	4 (21.1)	0.0014*	4 (28.6)	< 0.001*	–	–
CN III	70 (95.9)	18 (94.7)	1.000	14 (100)	1.000	10 (100)	1.000
CN IV	69 (94.5)	18 (94.7)	1.000	14 (100)	1.000	10 (100)	1.000
CN VI	65 (89)	19 (100)	0.1983	14 (100)	0.3445	10 (100)	0.5869
CN V	65 (89)	18 (94.7)	0.6793	14 (100)	0.3445	10 (100)	0.5869
CN II	35 (47.9)	15 (78.9)	0.0199*	12 (85.7)	0.0168*	8 (80)	0.0903
Complete Ophthalmoplegia	16 (21.9)	12 (63.2)	0.0013*	8 (57.1)	0.0181*	4 (40)	0.2436
Other CN (VII, VIII, IX, X)	2 (2.7)	5 (26.3)	0.0037*	4 (28.6)	0.0055*	1 (10)	0.3231
Radiological features
Cavernous sinus	72 (98.6)	19 (100)	1.000	14 (100)	1.000	10 (100)	1.000
Orbital apex	33 (45.2)	10 (52.6)	0.6127	6 (42.9)	1.000	2 (20)	0.1731
Orbit	–	9 (47.4)	< 0.001*	6 (42.9)	< 0.001*	2 (20)	0.0132*
Paranasal sinuses	–	5 (26.3)	< 0.001*	4 (28.6)	< 0.001*	–	–
Bony erosions	–	5 (26.3)	< 0.001*	3 (21.4)	0.0034*	–	–
ICA narrowing	–	5 (26.3)	< 0.001*	3 (21.4)	0.0034*	–	–
Intracranial extension	–	3 (15.8)	0.0077*	1 (7.1)	0.1609	–	–
Focal meningeal enhancement	–	7 (36.8)	< 0.001*	4 (28.6)	< 0.001*	3 (30)	0.0013*

CN cranial nerve, ICA internal carotid artery
^#Non-THS (Non-Tolosa Hunt Syndrome)—comprises all patients other than Tolosa Hunt Syndrome
^‡Infective—comprises Tuberculosis and fungal infection
*Significance at p < 0.05