Table 2 Clinical and radiological features of the different etiologies of Cavernous sinus syndrome
From: Clinical and radiological profile of cavernous sinus syndrome: a study from eastern part of India
Tolosa Hunt Syndrome (n = 73) n (%) | Tuberculosis (n = 10) n (%) | Fungal Infection (n = 4) n (%) | Vascular (Aneurysm) (n = 2) n (%) | Neoplasm (n = 2) n (%) | Sjögren’s Syndrome (n = 1) n (%) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical features | ||||||
Headache | 71 (97.3) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) |
Diplopia | 67 (91.8) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) |
Ptosis | 66 (90.4) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
Proptosis | 2 (2.7) | 5 (50) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | – |
Nasal blockage | – | – | 4 (100) | – | – | – |
CN III | 70 (95.9) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
CN IV | 69 (94.5) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
CN VI | 65 (89) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) |
CN V | 65 (89) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
CN II | 35 (47.9) | 8 (80) | 4 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
Complete Ophthalmoplegia | 16 (21.9) | 4 (40) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
Other CN (VII, VIII, IX, X) | 2 (2.7) | 1 (10) | 3 (75) | – | – | 1 (100) |
Radiological features (structures involved) | ||||||
Cavernous sinus | 72 (98.6) | 10 (100) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (100) |
Orbital apex | 33 (45.2) | 2 (20) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | 1 (100) |
Orbit | – | 2 (20) | 4 (100) | 2 (100) | 1 (50) | – |
Paranasal sinuses | – | – | 4 (100) | – | 1 (50) | – |
Bony erosions | – | – | 3 (75) | – | 2 (100) | – |
ICA narrowing | – | – | 3 (75) | – | 2 (100) | – |
Intracranial extension | – | – | 1 (25) | – | 2 (100) | – |
Focal meningeal enhancement | – | 3 (30) | 1 (25) | – | 2 (100) | 1 (100) |