The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 3 Treatment modalities in direct and indirect fistula

From: Clinical characteristics, angiographic findings and treatment outcomes of carotid cavernous fistula in Makassar, Indonesia: a single-centre experience

Endovascular treatment	Percentage^*
Direct (type A) CCF
Coil	64.7
Coil + surgical ligation	17.6
Detachable balloon	11.8
Detachable balloon + coil	5.9
Indirect (type B,C,D) CCF
Conservative	66.6
EVOH	16.6
Coil + EVOH	16.6

^*Percentage are measured separately in direct and indirect fistula

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