Table 1 Characteristics of included studies
Study | Country | Participants | Age (years) | Female (%) | Diagnostic criteria | Mythological quality | Quality of evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lin 2011 [21] | China | 176 Subjects with BD I and BD II, MD | 38.94 ± 13.77 | 97 (57.06%) | DSM-IV-TR | 7 | Lowd,e |
Zhu 2011 [12] | China | 95 Subjects with BD and MD | 41.55 ± 9.86 | 62 (65.2%) | DSM-IV | 8 | Moderated |
Saatcioglu 2011 [22] | Turkey | 76 Subjects with BD and MD | 37.23 ± 9.85 | 54 (71.05%) | DSM-IV | 8 | Moderated |
Apfelbaum 2013 [23] | Argentina | 63 Subjects with BD and MD | 43.67 ± 14.06 | 44 (69.84%) | DSM-IV | 6 | Lowe |
Ma 2013 [24] | China | 727 Subjects with BD I and BD II, MD | 47.91 ± 12.08 | 411 (56.5%) | DSM-IV-TR | 8 | Moderated |
Ford 2013 [25] | Canada | 30 Subjects with BD and MD | 20.61 ± 2.6 | 16 (53.4%) | DSM-IV | 9 | High |
Mosolov 2014 [26] | Switzerland | 409 Subjects with BD I and BD II, MD | 44.93 ± 11.18 | 321 (78.4%) | DSM-IV | 8 | High |
He 2014 [27] | China | 120 Subjects with BD and MD | 39.91 ± 12.15 | 82 (68.5%) | DSM-IV | 7 | Moderated |
Gou 2014 [28] | China | 176 Subjects with BD and MD | 43.67 ± 14.06 | 121 (68.5%) | DSM-IV | 6 | Lowe |
Ratheesh 2015 [29] | Australia | 52 Subjects with BD and MD | 19.7 ± 2.8 | 44 (85%) | DSM-IV-TR | 9 | High |
Aiken 2015 [11] | USA | 1851 Patients BD I and BD II, MD | 37.01 ± 15.0 | 1127 (60.89%) | DSM-IV-TR | 9 | Moderated |
Li 2015 [30] | China | 120 Subjects with BD and MD | 37.62 ± 10.09 | 86 (71.67%) | DSM-IV | 8 | Moderated |
Ma 2016 [31] | China | 615 Subjects with BD and MD | 35.14 ± 12.08 | 517 (84.06%) | DSM-IV | 8 | High |
Heyman-Kantor 2020 [32] | USA | 158 Subjects with BD I and BD II, MD | 36.64 ± 11.70 | 94 (59.5%) | DSM-IV | 9 | High |
Ter Meulen 2020 [33] | Netherlands | 1857 Subjects with BD I and BD II, MD | 42.10 ± 12.40 | 1278 (68.8%) | DSM-IV-TR | 9 | Moderated |