Table 2 Characteristics of outcome measures of included studies
Study | Evaluation parameters | Writing speed | WCRS score | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Experimental | Control | Experimental | Control | ||
Rajan, 2021 | WCRS, WS, PGIC, Total power on spectrum analysis, Grip strength via dynamometer, Fahn-Tolosa-Marin Tremor Rating Scale (A, B, C) | 5.0 ± 33.33 (Pre) 5.0 ± 33.26 (Post) | 4.3 ± 29.0 (Pre) 4.3 ± 3.33 (Post) | 11.6 ± 1.8 (Pre) 7.2 ± 1.2 (Post) | 11.2 ± 1.7 (Pre) 8.9 ± 1.3 (Post) |
Park, 2019 | Patient related subjective scoring score, WCRS, WCIS, WCDS, Handgrip strength, kinetic parameters | NA | NA | 8.3 ± 2.8 (Pre) 11.5 ± 3 (Post) | NA |
Srivantichapoo m, 2016 | Active ROM: forearm, wrist, fingers, DDS Handwriting Scale | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Likachev, 2016 | WCRS, Symptom Severity Scale, FSS | NA | NA | 10 ± 3.53 (Pre) 8 ± 2.82 (Post) | NA |
Jackman, 2016 | UDRS, Dystonia Movement, Disability Scale DMDS, WCRS, Kinematic analysis | NA | NA | 8.5 ± 0.706 | 5 ± 0.706 |
Zeuner, 2013 | Force sensor, DDS, WCRS | NA | NA | 10.37 ± 5.68 (Pre) 8.90 ± 7.13 (Post) | NA |
Contarino, 2007 | Sensory Evoked Potentials SEP, Writing speed | 2.1 ± 1.9/mean change | 0.3 ± 1.4 mean change | NA | NA |
Marion, 2003 | Subjective Handwriting assessment | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Kruisdijk, 2007 | VAS, FSS, WCRS, Writing speed | 7.59 ± 2.80 (Pre) 9.00 ± 2.28 (Post) | 7.93 ± 3.20 (Pre) 8.20 ± 2.90 (Post) | 4.50 ± 1.96 (Pre) 2.20 ± 1.88 (Post) | 4.47 ± 1.184 (Pre) 3.68 ± 1.16 (Post) |
Djebbdari, 2005 | Burke-Fahn-Marsden Scale, Self-assessment on handwriting quality, DDS | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Behari, 1999 | Ease of writing, abnormal posture, pain, WS | 15.75 + − 5.28 (Pre) 18.92 + 4.9 (Post) | NA | NA | NA |
Chen, 1999 | Self-reported (benefit scale, VAS, weakness), WCRS, writing speed, writing quality scale | 1.47 ± 1.8 (Pre) 1.38 ± 1.3 (Post) | NA | 4.9 ± 1.1 (Pre 7.8 ± 0.7 (Post) | NA |
Wissel, 1996 | WCRS, writing speed, MRC Scale, video recording of writing | 1.1 ± 0.5 (Pre) 0.8 ± 0.6 (Post) | NA | 9.1 ± 4.5 (Pre) 6.6 ± 4.1 (Post) | NA |
Turjanski, 1996 | Subjective handwriting assessment, fluency, duration of writing | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Cole, 1995 | MRC, timed writing, writing errors | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Tsui, 1993 | Writing speed, Gibson’s maze, accuracy pen control | Subjective | NA | NA | NA |
Rivest, 1991 | Subjective handwriting assessment, fluency, duration of writing | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Poungvarin, 1991 | Subjective pain, hand tremor assessment in writing | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Cohen, 1989 | MRC, EMG | NA | NA | NA | NA |