Subaxial cervical spine ligamentous instability anterior versus posterior fixation: prospective nonrandomized study

Table 2 Average operative time

Operative step	Anterior approach		Posterior approach
Operative step	Mean time	Range	Mean time	Range
Anaesthesia and positioning	15	10–25	28	15–35
Exposure	44	30–57	50	33–68
Instrumentation	14	10–31	29	23–44
Closure	8	5–13	21	15–45