Table 6 Study characteristic of observational study
From: The relationship between myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: a systematic review
No. | First author, country | Study design | Sample characteristic | Outcome measure | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Businaro P, Italy [36] | Cross-sectional | 162 patients (11 patients had COVID-19 → 65 y/o, 54% M) | Outcome | 3 patients needed MV and 2 patients died. 1 patient experienced worsening MG and improved after increasing steroid dose. COVID-19 patients significantly associated with MGFA ≥ III (p: 0,01) |
2 | Camelo-Filho AE, Brazil [10] | Cross-sectional | 15 patients; 60% F (34.5 y/o), 40% M (61.3 y/o); 10 AChR Ab, 1 MuSK Ab | Outcome | 87% admitted in the ICU, 73% needed MV, and 30% died |
3 | JakubÃková M, Czech [35] | Cohort | 93 patients, 65.33 y/o, 51% M | Risk and protective factor | 11% MG patients were dead due to COVID-19. Older age and long term use of steroid in MG patients were the risk factor of severe COVID-19 (p < 0.001, OR: 1.062, 95%CI: 1.037–1.088; p: 0.002, OR: 14.098, 95% CI: 1.784–111.43), while higher FVC before COVID-19 were protective factor of severe COVID-19 (p < 0.001, OR: 0.957, 95% CI: 0.934–0.98). Immunosuppressive drug (AZA, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclosporine) were not associated in the worsening of COVID-19 (p: 0.8, OR: 1.147, 95% CI: 0.448–2.935; p: 0.1, OR: 3.375 95% CI: 0.91–12.515; p: 0.3, OR: 0.255, 95% CI: 0.029–2.212) and rituximab in MG patients increased the risk of death by COVID-19 (p: 0.004, OR: 35.143, 95% CI: 3.216–383.971). Remdesivir, favipiravir, and convalescent plasma were not associated with MG exacerbation (p: 0.4, OR: 1.709, 95% CI: 0.885–10.87) |
4 | Kalita J, India | Cohort | 38 patients, 45 y/o, 42.1% F | QoL, daily living, anxiety and depression, and QoS of MG patients in COVID-19 pandemic | QoL, daily living, anxiety and depression, and QoS was impaired significantly in COVID-19 pandemic compared before pandemic (p < 0.05) |
5 | Sole G, French [15] | Cohort | 3558 patients (0.96% had COVID-19 →55 ± 19.9 y/o, F: 55.9%) | Outcome | 28 patients recovered from COVID-19, 1 remain affected, and 5 deceased. MGFA class ≥ IV was related with severe COVID-19 (p: 0.004) |
6 | Stojanov A, Serbia [37] | Cross-sectional | 64 patients, 54.1 ± 16.4 y/o, 61.4% F | Psychological status, QoL, and QoS of MG patients in COVID-19 pandemic | Psychological status and QoL were impaired insignificantly, and QoS was reduced significantly in COVID-19 pandemic compared to 2017 (p < 0.01) |