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Table 3 The comparison and relationship of BDI, GAD-7 with individual characteristics of participants

From: Factors affecting anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of three different populations

 

GAD-7

BDI

General population

Frontline health worker

Covid-19 inpatients

General population

Frontline health worker

Covid-19 inpatients

Gender

 Female

7.34 ± 4.83

8.44 ± 5.14

5.91 ± 5.85

11.35 ± 8.62

15.32 ± 10.36

11.45 ± 9.69

 Male

4.95 ± 4.68

9.05 ± 4.17

3.95 ± 4.04

9.86 ± 9.17

17.76 ± 6.42

7.41 ± 6.20

 t/p

2.803; < 0.01

− 0.467; 0.641

1.772; 0.141

0.956; 0.341

− 1.329; 0.194

1.896; 0.067

Marital status

 Married

6.12 ± 5.00

8.17 ± 5.45

4.79 ± 4.62

9.83 ± 8.78

13.08 ± 10.59

8.48 ± 7.24

 Single

7.35 ± 4.72

8.70 ± 4.79

4.20 ± 4.75

12.19 ± 8.65

16.97 ± 9.39

8.60 ± 7.85

 t/p

− 1.593; 0.113

− 0.574; 0.567

0.575; 0.567

− 1.720; 0.087

− 2.152; < 0.01

− 0.071; 0.943

Having physical illness

 Yes

7.90 ± 4.58

9.33 ± 5.16

5.45 ± 5.60

11.81 ± 9.11

17.4 ± 10.6

11.41 ± 9.61

 No

6.52 ± 4.93

8.42 ± 5.01

4.12 ± 4.24

10.82 ± 8.74

15.41 ± 9.89

7.43 ± 0.26

 t/p

1.238; 0.217

0.660; 0.510

1.187; 0.239

0.494; 0.621

0.726; 0.469

2.258; 0.070

Important life event

 Yes

8.58 ± 5.66

9.37 ± 5.08

4.20 ± 3.03

13.95 ± 10.35

17.44 ± 9.82

7.40 ± 4.15

 No

6.03 ± 4,.42

8.11 ± 4.96

4.51 ± 4.76

9.87 ± 7.89

14.76 ± 9.95

8.61 ± 7.67

 t/p

2.671; < 0.01

1.352; 0.179

− 0.147; 0.883

2.663; < 0.01

1.453; 0.149

− 0.350; 0.727

Age

r: − 0.082

r: − 0.161

r: 0.103

r: − 0.136

r: − 0.093

r: 0.069

Fear of infecting relatives

r: 0.406**

r: 0.351**

r: 0.123

r: 0.356**

r: 0.288**

r: 0.243*

Fear of being infected

r: 0.422**

r: 0.319**

 

r: 0.322**

r: 0.188*

 

Days of hospitalisation

  

r: − 0.263*

  

r: − 0.138

Fear of re-hospitalisation

  

r: 0.356**

  

r: 0.342**

  1. t: independent groups t test, r: Pearson rho correlation coefficient, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01