Table 1 Radkowski grading system
From: Multidisciplinary management of juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma
Stage Ia | Limited to nasal cavity/nasopharynx |
Stage Ib | Extension into one or more sinuses |
Stage IIa | Minimal extension into pterygopalatine fossa via pterygomaxillary fissure |
Stage IIb | Fills pterygomaxillary fossa, bowing the posterior wall of the maxillary antrum anteriorly or extending into the orbit via the inferior orbital fissure without orbital erosion |
Stage IIc | Infratemporal fossa extension without cheek or pterygoid plate involvement |
Stage IIIa | Erosion of skull base (middle cranial fossa or pterygoids) with minimal intracranial spread |
Stage IIIb | Erosion of skull base with intracranial extension with or without cavernous sinus involvement |