Depression among health workers caring for patients with COVID-19 in Egypt

Table 3 Comparison between those who are not depressed versus those who are depressed according to SCID-1 evaluation

Variable	No major depression disorder (N = 39)	Major depression disorder (N = 113)	Test
Age
Mean ± SD	36 ± 6.74	33.75 ± 5.65	2.04	0.04*
Median (range)	36 (23–52)	34 (18–46)	2.04	0.04*
Working hours
Mean ± SD	8.38 ± 2.62	10.23 ± 5.25	1.59	0.11
Median (range)	8 (5–12)	8 (4–24)		NS
Sleep hours
Mean ± SD	6.62 ± 1.16	5.40 ± 1.83	3.90	< 0.001*
Median (range)	7 (3–8)	5 (3–15)	3.90	< 0.001*

Variable	N	N	%	N	%	χ²	P
Sex
Female	93	17	18.3	76	81.7	6.84	0.009**
Male	59	22	37.3	37	62.7	6.84	0.009**
Education
Intermediate education	16	3	18.8	13	81.3	0.93	0.63
High education	24	5	20.8	19	79.2		NS
Postgraduate	112	31	27.7	81	72.3		NS
Occupation
Doctors	109	31	28.4	78	71.6
Nurses	24	5	20.8	19	79.2
Pharmacists	8	2	25	6	75	2.43	0.66
Technicians	9	1	11.1	8	88.9		NS
Paramedical workers	2	0	0	2	100		NS
Marital status
Single	17	3	17.6	14	82.4
Married	121	33	27.3	88	72.7
Divorced	13	3	23.1	10	76.9	1.13	0.77
Widow	1	0	0	1	100	1.13	NS
Residence
Urban	123	34	27.6	89	72.4	1.33	0.25
Rural	29	5	17.2	24	82.8	1.33	NS
Smoking
No	124	34	27.4	90	72.6	1.10	0.30
Yes	28	5	17.9	23	82.1	1.10	NS
Past history of psychiatric disorders
No	130	39	30	91	70	8.88	0.003*
Yes	22	0	0	22	100	8.88	0.003*
Family history of psychiatric disorder
No	132	34	25.8	98	74.2	0.01	0.94
Yes	20	5	25	15	75	0.01	NS
Fear of working during COVID-19
No	38	13	34.2	25	65.8	1.94	0.16
Yes	114	26	22.8	88	77.2	1.94	NS
Fear of infection of COVID-19
No	28	12	42.9	16	57.1	5.32	0.02*
Yes	124	27	21.8	97	78.2	5.32	0.02*
Fear of transmission of infection to relatives
No	5	4	80	1	20	8.00	0.005*
Yes	147	35	23.8	112	76.2	8.00	0.005*
Had infected with COVID-19
No	129	36	27.9	93	72.1	2.26	0.13
Yes	23	3	13	20	87	2.26	NS
Had family member infected with COVID-19
No	12	1	8.3	11	91.7	2.05	0.15
Yes	140	38	27.1	102	72.9	2.05	NS
Fear of death with COVID-19
No	108	33	30.6	75	69.46	3.94	0.03*
Yes	44	6	13.6	38	86.4	3.94	0.03*
Fear of death of family member with COVID-19
No	47	17	36.2	30	63.8	4.69	0.04*
Yes	105	22	21	83	79	4.69	0.04*
Suicidal thoughts
No	149	47	31.5	102	68.5	1.37	0.24
Yes	3	0	0	3	100	1.37	NS

Bold values highlight the significant results
SD standard deviation, Test independent t test, χ² chi-square test, NS non-significant (P > 0.05)
*Significant (P < 0.05); **Highly significant (P < 0.001)