Table 3 Radiological features of the 20 NMOSD patients with APS compared to NMOSD patients without APS
MRI brain abnormalities | NMOSD patients with APS (n = 20) | NMOSD patients without APS (n = 70) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
Area postrema | 13 (65%) | 0 | 0.000 |
 Linear lesion | 13 (65%) | 0 |  |
 Inverted V sign | 7 (35%) | 0 |  |
Other brain stem structures | 13 (65%) | 25 (44.6%) | 0.192 |
Periependymal/Periventricular | 14 (70%) | 53 (94.6%) | 0.008 |
Corpus callosum | 5 (25) | 17 (30.4%) | 0.778 |
Corticospinal tract | 3 (15%) | 5 (8.9%) | 0.427 |
Thalamus | 3 (15%) | 13 (23.2%) | 0.537 |
Hypothalamus | 2 (10%) | 9 (16.1%) | 0.717 |
Abnormal MRI spinal cord | |||
 Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (> 3 segments) (LETM) | 16 (80%) | 30 (57.7%) | 0.103 |
 Short segment transverse myelitis (STM) | 4 (20%) | 22 (42.3%) | 0.103 |
 Extension to medulla and Area postrema | 7 (35%) | 0 |  < 0.0001 |
Site | |||
 Cranio-cervical | 7 (35%) | 3 (6%) | 0.004 |
 Cervical | 5 (25%) | 20 (40%) | 0.167 |
 Cervico-dorsal | 5 (25%) | 16 (32%) | 0.73 |
 Others | 3 (15%) | 11 (22%) | 0.270 |