Management of recurrent unilateral lumbar disc herniation in a single level: unilateral versus bilateral pedicle screws fixation with interbody fusion

Table 1 Comparison between unilateral group and bilateral group regarding the visual analogue scale for back pain

VAS back		Unilateral	Bilateral	Test value^a	P value	Sig.
Preoperative	Mean ± SD	7.01 ± 1.41	7.12 ± 1.31	0.303	0.763	NS
Preoperative	Range	5–9	5–9	0.303	0.763	NS
1 month	Mean ± SD	3.21 ± 0.72	4.17 ± 0.69	− 5.000	0.000	HS
1 month	Range	2–4	3–5	− 5.000	0.000	HS
6 months	Mean ± SD	1.77 ± 0.57	1.97 ± 0.71	− 0.778	0.440	NS
6 months	Range	1–3	1–3	− 0.778	0.440	NS
12 months	Mean ± SD	0.81 ± 0.79	0.89 ± 0.67	− 0.376	0.709	NS
12 months	Range	0–2	0–2	− 0.376	0.709	NS
Repeated measures ANOVA	F	144.413	147.772
Repeated measures ANOVA	P value	< 0.001	< 0.001

P > 0.05: nonsignificant (NS), P < 0.05: significant (S), P < 0.01: highly significant
^aIndependent t test