Table 1 Comparing demographic and sleep parameters among patients and controls

Male (%)

30%

45.5%

33.3%

46.7

0.741

Age (in years)

17.5 (9–24)

13 (11–29)

14 (10–18)

17 (9–28)

0.356

BMI (kg/m²)

21 (17.8–35.5)

22.1 (18–31.2)

23.4 (17.2–27)

23.3 (18–32.7)

0.937

Age at onset of epilepsy (years)

15.90 (9–22)

12.82 (10–20)

11.89 (8–17)

–

0.042*

Frequency of seizures at onset of presentation per month

0.85 (0.03–8)

0.21 (0.11–1.4)

0.35 (0.11–2.1)

–

0.115

Positive family history (%)

60

45.5

66.7

–

0.660

PSQI

4.6 (1–12)

4.18 (1–11)

3.89 (1–12)

3.37 (1–13)

0.880

PSQI > 5 (%)

30

18.2

22.2

10

0.874

Positive first EEG (%)

70

72.7

88.9

–

0.650

Total sleep time (min)

342 (219–447)

339 (309–492)

412 (272–478)

391 (284–552)

0.311

Sleep latency (min)

3.5 (0.5–31)

8 (10–16)

5 (0.5–8)

5.73 (1.0–11.5)

0.0.368

Sleep efficiency (%)

94 (80–98)

93 (89–100)

97 (91–98)

96.83 (91–100)

0.230

REM latency (min)

19.25 (5–244)

118 (7–213)

118 (12–211)

85 (3.50–102.0)

0.063

Stage 1 sleep (%)

2.0 (1.0–9.0)

8.0 (1.0–12.0)

1.0 (1.0–5.0)

2.0 (1.0–4.0)

0.003*

Stage 2 sleep (%)

52.90 (36–71)

46.27 (33–73)

53.44 (35–59)

54.40 (37–70)

0.420

Slow-wave sleep (%)

27 (12–43)

37 (11–44)

35 (21–62)

27.0 (1.0–47)

0.192

REM (%)

21 (13–25)

9 (5–29)

8 (3–15)

18 (10–28)

0.015*

Arousal index/h

14 (4.7–28)

16.8 (11.4–24)

13 (6–28)

9.6 (6.0–31.5)

0.460

PLM index

0.85 (0.1–17.8)

10.8 (1.5–23.8)

15.1 (0.8–23.8)

2.8 (0.2–45.7)

0.010*

PLM index > 5 (%)

20

45.5

77.6

6.7

0.046*