Table 1 Literature review of reported cases of compressive effect of bone wax over the spine and nerve roots and its neuroradiological features
Article title | Main author, journal, year of publication | Clinical presentation | MRI findings | Primary suspected diagnosis | Final diagnosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iatrogenic quadriplegia and bone wax | B. Cirak et al., J Neurosurg, 2000 | 45-year-old woman, C5–C6 spondylosis surgery including the use of posterior laminar hooks followed by postoperative quadriplegia | Hypointense lesion posterolateral to the spinal cord (C5–C6) | Spinal cord compression by lumbar hooks | Compressive bone wax mass associated to cervical epidural hematoma |
Bone wax as a cause of foreign body reaction after lumbar disk surgery | O. Eser et al., Adv. Ther, 2007 | 45-year-old patient, radiculopathy following 2 lumbar disk surgeries with compressive effect of bone wax over the dural sac and nerve roots | Hypointense mass posterolateral to the right L5 root | Hematoma | Foreign body granuloma reactional to BW |
Reactive changes of disk space and foreign body granuloma to bone wax in lumbar space | N. Ozdemic et al., Neurol. India, 2009 | 39-year-old patient, history of lumbar surgery for spinal stenosis L4–L5 followed after a year by a lower back pain | Hypointense cystic lesion of the site of resected spinous process with contrast enhancing margins | Abscess | Foreign body granuloma |
Mass effect in the thoracic spine from remnant bone wax: An MRI pitfall | J. M. Stein et al., ANJR, 2010 | 70-year-old man, multiple myeloma, cord compression due to a T6–T9 compressive mass followed by postoperative paraplegia | T1 signal intensity void dorsal to the spinal cord compression | Compressive packing material, trapped air, hematoma | Thoracic spinal cord compression due to bone wax |