Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and its relationship with knowledge about COVID-19 in medical and laboratory medicine students of Umm-Al-Qura University: a cross-sectional survey

Sultan, Sadia; Abu Bashar, MD.; Tabassum, Aisha; Iqbal, Mohammad Shahid; Nomani, Ibtesam; Almasoudi, Nouf M.; Tayeb, Mawaddah; Munshi, Ghadi W.; Matyuri, Rahaf K.

doi:10.1186/s41983-022-00590-7

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 5 Association of knowledge of COVID-19 with DASS stress, anxiety and depression scores of the participants (N = 369)

From: Prevalence of depression, anxiety, stress and its relationship with knowledge about COVID-19 in medical and laboratory medicine students of Umm-Al-Qura University: a cross-sectional survey

Sl. no.	Knowledge	N (%)	DASS stress		DASS anxiety		DASS depression
Sl. no.	Knowledge	N (%)	Mean ± SD	p value	Mean ± SD	p value	Mean ± SD	p value
1.	Knowledge of agents that can effectively kill the virus causing COVID
	56° for 30 min, diethyl ether, 75% ethanol, peracetic acid and other lipid solvents	146 (39.6)	11.97 ± 10.30	0.88	11.05 ± 9.60		9.73 ± 10.90	0.01*
	Don’t know	224 (60.4)	12.27 ± 10.30		10.60 ± 9.60		12.73 ± 10.90	0.01*
*2.	Knowledge of incubation period of COVID-19
	Usually 3–7 days, with a maximum of 14 days	335 (90.8)	12.03 ± 10.29	0.47	10.72 ± 9.60	0.71	11.61 ± 10.90	0.73
	Don’t know	34 (9.2)	13.35 ± 10.40		11.35 ± 9.67		10.94 ± 11.03	0.73
3.	Knowledge of main mode of transmission of COVID-19
	Through respiratory droplets such as coughing and sneezing	347 (94.4)	12.03 ± 10.29	0.36	10.44 ± 9.60	0.007*	11.32 ± 10.90	0.12
	Don’t know	22 (5.6)	14.09 ± 10.49		16.09 ± 9.75		15.00 ± 11.11	0.12
4.	Knowledge of other mode of transmission of COVID-19
	Through contact with contaminated surface and subsequently touching face	345 (93.5)	11.75 ± 10.30	0.004*	10.38 ± 9.60	0.002*	11.60 ± 10.90	0.97
	Don’t know	24 (6.5)	18.00 ± 10.49		16.50 ± 9.60		10.67 ± 11.03	0.97
5.	Knowledge regarding preventive measures for COVID-19?
	By use of face mask, social distancing, and hand washing	349 (94.6)	12.09 ± 10.30	0.64	10.64 ± 9.60	0.24	11.72 ± 10.90	0.19
	Don’t know	20 (5.4)	13.20 ± 10.37		13.20 ± 9.67		8.50 ± 10.98
6.	Knowledge of early general symptoms of COVID-19
	Fever, fatigue, dry cough, and gradually breathlessness	238 (91.6)	11.58 ± 10.30	0.71	10.19 ± 9.60	0.13	11.40 ± 10.90	0.31
	Don’t know	31 (8.4)	12.30 ± 10.38		12.90 ± 9.67		8.52 ± 10.97	0.31
7.	Knowledge of symptoms in severe cases of COVID-19
	Severe breathlessness with low blood oxygen	317 (85.9)	11.75 ± 10.30	0.06	10.66 ± 9.60	0.54	11.56 ± 10.90	0.78
	Don’t know	52 (14.1)	14.62 ± 10.40		11.54 ± 9.67		11.42 ± 10.90	0.78
8.	Knowledge that COVID-19 can also present with gastrointestinal symptoms
	Yes, such as diarrhea, vomiting and abdominal pain	274 (74.3)	13.05 ± 10.31	0.005*	11.51 ± 9.61	0.01*	11.64 ± 10.90	0.77
	Don’t know	95 (25.7)	9.56 ± 10.90		8.65 ± 9.66		11.26 ± 10.98	0.77
9.	Knowledge of effect of psychological balance on body’s immunity
	Yes, improves body’s immunity	287 (77.8)	12.38 ± 10.31	0.43	11.18 ± 9.61	0.13	11.38 ± 10.90	0.59
	Don’t know	82 (22.2)	11.36 ± 10.31		9.37 ± 9.60		12.12 ± 10.90	0.59

* means statistically significant association between the concerned variables

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