Table 3 Botulinum toxin injection data
Study | Blinding | Type of Botulinum Toxin, Dosage | Muscle | Frequency | Visits |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rajan, 2021 | Quadruple-blinded | Ona botulinum toxin A (Botox, Allergan) with dilution of 50 U per 1 mL in saline, 0.9% | Wrist flexors (FCR, FCU) were given higher doses than extensors (ECR, ECU) | 0, 6, 12 weeks | 3 visits |
Park, 2019 | Double-blinded | Incobotulinum toxin A (Xeomin). Mean total dose 40 MU for 12 patients. (different dosage for different subjects in age and muscle affection (Table 2). | FDS, FPB, ECU, FDP, Lumbricals | 20 weeks | 2 visits |
Srivantichapoom, 2016 | None | Not mentioned active ingredient Average Mean Dose 53.4 ± 25.6 MU | FDS, FPB, FPL, FCR, EPL | 1st,12 months prior | |
Jackman, 2016 | None | BoNT-A (Botox; Allergan Inc.: Irvine, CA); (50 units per vial) with 1:1 saline | Muscles were decided according to severity of affection | 0,6,16,22,32 week | 5 visits |
Likachev, 2016 | None | Dysport, 236 MU | Muscles of the forearm during rest and during the act of writing | 0, 3 weeks, 3rd month, 6th month | 1 visit |
Zeuner, 2013 | Single blinded | Dysport, Ipsen dilution 500 MU per 2.5 ml 0.9% saline | Wrist muscles and/or superficial deep finger flexors. (Specific muscles are not mentioned) | 0,2,4,6,8 weeks | 5 visits |
Contarino, 2007 | Double-blinded | Dysport, Ipsen 20 MU/0.1 ml of saline | FPL, FDP, EI | 4 weeks | 2 visits |
Kruisdijk, 2007 | Single blinded | Freeze-dried BoNT-A (Dysport, Ipsen Biopharma, Wrexham, UK) diluted to 20 MU per 0.1 ml of 0.9% saline. Mean total dose:224 MU | FPL, FDP, EI | 4, 8, 12 weeks | 2 visits |
Djebbdari, 2005 | None | Dysport, 500 U/2.5 ml | FCU, FCR, FDS, FPL, PT, PQ, ECR | 1st, last visits varied | varied |
Marion, 2005 | None | Dysport 80 MU/0.6 ml of saline | FDS, FDP, ECR, ECU | 1 month | varied |
Behari, 1999 | None | Dysport (Speywood), Botox (Allergan, USA) | FDP, FDS, FCU, ED, EI, APL | 0, 3, 12 weeks | 19 visits |
Wissel, 1996 | Single blinded | Average mean dose was 133.2 MU. Dysport 60 units (Finger movers), 80units (wrist movers) | FCU, FCR, FDS, FPL, ECR | 2 weeks–8 months | 2 visits |
Turjanski, 1996 | None | Botulinum toxin (Dysport, Speywood Pharmaceuticals, UK); Mean dose: 146 + 80 MU | FDP, Extensors of wrist, fingers | Mean follow-up 21 months | |
Cole, 1995 | Double-blinded | Botulinum toxin-A, 24 MU | FCR, FDS, FPL, FCU, ED | 0, 2 weeks, 3 months | 3 visits |
Tsui,1993 | Double-blinded | The dose was 30–50 MU. Not mentioned active ingredient | FDS, FDP, FCU, ECU, PT, PQ | 3 months | 2 visits |
Chen, 1999 | Single-blinded | BoNT-A (BOTOX, Allergan, Irvine, CA, U.S.A.; diluted 10 units per 0.1 mL) | FDS, FPL, FPB, FCU, FCR, ECU | 0, 2, 6 weeks, 3 months | 2 visits |
Rivest, 1991 | None | Mean dose, 40–60 MU Not mentioned active ingredient | FDP, FCU, FPL, ED, EPL, EI, ECU | 0,2 weeks | 2 visits |
Poungvarin, 1991 | None | Botulinum toxin-A, Allergan, California; 20–30 MU | FDP, FCU, FPL, ED, EPL, ECU | 2 weeks, 1– 2 months | 3 visits |
Cohen, 1989 | None | Oculinum (BoNT-A), 17.5 to 140 MU | FDS, FDP, FPL, ED, EPL | 1,3,5 week (27 months follow-up) | 3 visits |