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Table 5 Study characteristic of descriptive study

From: The relationship between myasthenia gravis and COVID-19: a systematic review

No.

First author, country

Study design

Subject characteristic

Management

Outcome

1

Adhikari R, USA [38]

Case report

33 y/o, M, AChR Ab, MG diagnosed before COVID-19

MV, steroid, symptomatic treatment

Deceased

2

Aksoy E, Turkey [39]

Case report

46 y/o, F, AChR Ab, MG diagnosed before COVID-19

Pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg), favipiravir, meropenem, oseltamivir, HCQ (2 × 400 mg x 1d, 2 × 200 mg x 4d), MV, linezolid, MP iv (1 × 40 mg), and plasma therapy

Recovery

3

Anand P, USA [46]

Case series

MG diagnosed before COVID-19

1: 57 y/o, M, AChR Ab

2: 64 y/o, M, AChR Ab

3: 90 y/o, F, AChR Ab

4: 42 y/o, F, MuSK Ab

5: 64 y/o, F, AChR Ab

1: HCQ (2 × 400 mg x 1d, 1 × 200 mg × 2d), AZM (1 × 500 mg x 1d, 1 × 250 mg x 2d), TOZ (300 mg × 1 dose), AZA (1 × 50 mg), MV

2: HCQ (2 × 400 mg x 1d, 1 × 400 mg x 4d), AZM (1 × 500 mg x 1d, 1 × 250 mg x 4d), CTX (1 × 2 g x 2d, 1 × 1 g x 3d), prednisone (1 × 10 mg x 9d, 1 × 5 mg), MV

3: HCQ (2 × 400 mg x 1d, 1 × 400 mg x 4d), AZM (1 × 500 mg x 5d), CTX (1 × 1 g x 5 d), IVIG, prednisone (1 × 25 mg x 6d, 1 × 20 mg)

4: Prednisone (1 × 20 mg), IVIG (2 g/kg/d)

5: AZA, prednisone (1 × 60 mg)

1: Discharged home on day 9

2: Continued MV

3: Discharged to skilled nursing facility on day 19

4: Discharged home on day 5

5: Discharged home on day 9

4

Assini A, Italy [9]

Case report

77 y/o, M, MuSK Ab, newly diagnosed ocular MG triggered by COVID-19

Pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg), AZA (1.5 mg/kg/d)

Recovery

5

Essajee F, South Africa [40]

Case report

7 y/o, F, AChR Ab, newly diagnosed ocular MG triggered by COVID-19

IV MP (30 mg/kg/d x 3d) → prednisone 2 mg/kg/d gradually weaned over 4 w, IVIG (2 g/kg/d x 2d), pyridostigmine, methotrexate

Discharge on day 30

6

Huber M, Germany [41]

Case report

21 y/o, F, AChR Ab, newly diagnosed ocular MG triggered by COVID-19

IVIG (0.4 g/kg/d x 5d), pyridostigmine (3 × 60 mg, increase to 3 × 120 mg next week)

Recovery

7

Karimi N, Iran [47]

Case series

Newly diagnosed ocular MG triggered by COVID-19

1: 61 y/o, F, AChR Ab

2: 57 y/o, M, AChR Ab

3: 38 y/o, F, AChR Ab

1: PE, pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg), prednisone (1 mg/kg/d), thymoma surgery

2: pyridostigmine (3 × 60 mg), prednisolone (25 mg/d)

3: pyridostigmine (240 mg), prednisone (25 mg/d)

1: Recovery

2: Recovery

3: Recovery

8

Moschella P, USA [42]

Case report

70 y/o, M, AChR Ab, MG diagnosed before COVID-19

MV, hydrocortisone iv (100 mg), PE (5x), pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg), methotrexate

Recovery

9

Octaviana F, Indonesia [13]

Case series

MG diagnosed before COVID-19

1: 25 y/o, F

2: 49 y/o, M

3: 42 y/o, F

1: Vit C (500 mg/d), NAC (600 mg/d), CTX (2 g/d), pyridostigmine (240 mg/d) → 6 d, AZM (500 mg/d x 1d)

2: AZM (500 mg/d), vit C (3000 mg/d), PCT (1500 mg/d), pyridostigmine (180 mg/d), AZA (100 mg/d)→ 5d

3: HCQ (200 mg/d), NAC (600 mg/d)→ 7 days, MP (16 mg/d), pyridostigmine (240 mg/d), mycophenolate (720 mg/d)

1: Discharge on day 14

2: Discharge on day 14

3: Discharge on day 14

10

Peters BJ, USA [48]

Case series

MG diagnosed before COVID-19

1: 71 y/o, M

2: 41 y/o, F

3: 59 y/o, M

1: Remdesivir (200 mg/d x 1d, 100 mg/d x 4d), dexamethasone iv (6 mg/d x 10d), lenzilumab (3 × 600 mg), mycophenolic acid

2: Remdesivir (200 mg/d x 1d, 100 mg/d x 4d), dexamethasone iv (6 mg/d x 10d), mycophenolate (1000 mg in morning, 1500 mg in evening), pyridostigmine (6 × 60 mg), prednisone after dexamethasone (1 × 5 mg)

3: Prone position, remdesivir (200 mg/d x 1d, 100 mg/d x 4d), dexamethasone iv (6 mg x 1d)→ prednisone 60 mg/d, AZA (100 mg in morning, 50 mg in evening), pyridostigmine (3 × 60 mg), MV

1: Deceased

2: Transferred out of the ICU

3: Discharged to home

11

Ramaswamy SB, USA [43]

Case report

42 y/o, F, AChR Ab, MG diagnosed before COVID-19

Prednisone (1 × 30 mg), mycophenolate (2 × 1000 mg)

Recovery

12

Reddy YM, India [19]

Case report

65 y/o, M, AChR Ab, newly diagnosed MG triggered by COVID-19

Remdesivir, IVIG (0,4 mg/kg/d x 5d), prednisolone (30–40 mg/d), AZT (2 × 50 mg), pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg)

Discharge on day 23

13

Saied Z, Tunisia [14]

Case series

MG diagnosed before COVID-19

1: 40 y/o, F

2: 60 y/o, F

3: 37 y/o, F, AChR Ab

4: 57 y/o, M, AChR Ab

5: 54 y/o, F, AChR Ab

1: AZM (500 mg/d × 5 d), vit C (1000 mg/day x 10d), vit D (20,000 IU), LMWH x 10d

2: AZM (500 mg/d × 5 d), Vit C (1000 mg/day x 10d), vit D (20,000 IU x 10d), AZA (150 mg/d), pyridostigmine (8 × 60 mg)

3: AZM 500 mg/d × 5 d), vit C (1000 mg/day x 10d), vit D (20,000 IU/d)

4: MV, levofloxacin (500 mg/d), AZA (150 mg/d), pyridostigmine (8 × 60 mg), prednisone (40 mg/d)

5: AZM (500 mg/d × 5 d), Vit C (1000 mg/d × 10 d), Vit D (20,000 IU), LMWH × 10 d, AZA (150 mg), pyridostigmine (8 × 60 mg), IVIG (0.4 g/kg/d × 5 d)

1: Recovery

2: Recovery

3: Recovery

4: Deceased

5: Recovery

14

Singh S, USA [44]

Case report

36 y/o, F, negative AChR Ab and MuSK Ab, MG diagnosed before COVID-19

PE (5x), mycophenolate, MV, stress dose steroid iv

Discharged after 1 month, persistent anosmia

15

Sriwastava S, USA [45]

Case report

65 y/o, F, AChR Ab, newly diagnosed ocular MG triggered by COVID-19

Pyridostigmine (4 × 60 mg decrease to 3 × 60 mg when admitted to hospital again due to COVID-19 infection), dexamethasone iv (4 doses of 6 mg), azithromycin, 1 unit convalescent plasma

Discharged after 10 days with residual symptoms of COVID-10 and ocular MG

16

Zupanic S, Belgian [49]

Case series

MG diagnosed before COVID-19

1: 55 y/o, F, AChR Ab

2: 67 y/o, M, AChR Ab

3: 80 y/o, M

4: 63 y/o, M, AChR Ab

5: 59 y/o, F, negative Ab

6: 58 y/o, M, negative Ab

7: 51 y/o, M, AChR Ab

8: 66 y/o, F

1: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d × 5 d), pyridostigmine (240 mg/d), AZA (100 mg), prednisolone (20 mg/d)

2: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d x 5d), pyridostigmine (300 mg/d), prednisolone (60 mg/d)

3: Pyridostigmine (90 mg/d), remdesivir/5 d, dexamethasone (8 mg × 10 d)

4: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d x 5d), pyridostigmine (360 mg/d), AZA (100 mg), prednisolone (60 mg/d), MV

5: Pyridostigmine (300 mg/d), dexamethasone (8 mg x 10d)

6: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d x 5d), pyridostigmine (420 mg/d), prednisolone (30 mg/d), remdesivir/5d, MV

7: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d x 1d), pyridostigmine (300 mg/d), remdesivir/5d

8: IVIG (0,4 g/kg/d x 5d), prednisolone (20 mg/d), remdesivir/5d, MV

1: Discharge on day 7

2: Discharge on day 12

3: Discharge on day 10

4: Discharge on day 16

5: Discharge on day 8

6: Discharge on day 15

7: Discharge on day 24

8: Deceased