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Table 1 The individual characteristics of participants

From: Factors affecting anxiety and depression during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study of three different populations

Variables

General population

Frontline health workers

Covid-19 inpatients

F2

p

Total N by group

162

131

86

  

aMean age

M ± SD

36.28 ± 11.20

(18–66)

29.75 ± 7.35

(20–56)

38.27 ± 15.87

(20–78)

18.122

< 0.001

bGender n (%)

  

 Female

119 (73.5)

114 (87)

24 (27.9)

87.253

< 0.001

 Male

43 (26.5)

17(13)

62 (72.1)

bMarital status n (%)

  

 Married

85 (52.5)

45 (34.4)

43 (50)

10.433

< 0.01

 Single

77 (47.5)

86 (65.6)

43 (50)

bWorking status n (%)

  

 Working

109 (67.3)

131 (100)

49 (57)

390.93

< 0.001

 Retired

10 (6.2)

7 (8.1)

 I quit my job due to the epidemic

43 (26.6)

30 (34.9)

bHaving a physical n (%)

  

 Yes

22 (13.6)

15 (11.5)

24 (27.9)

11.736

< 0.01

 No

140 (86.4)

116 (88.5)

62 (72.1)

bImportant life event n (%)

  

 Yes

43 (26.5)

43 (32.8)

5 (5.8)

21.754

< 0.001

 No

119 (73.5)

88 (67.2)

81 (94.2)

*Being sufficient of personal protective equipment n (%)

  

 Yes

 

96 73.3

   

 No

 

35 26.7

   

Being infected with Covid-19 n (%)

  

 Yes

2 (1.2)

9 (6.9)

   

 No

160 (98.8)

122 (93.1)

   

*Being in quarantined n (%)

  

 Yes

93 (57.4)

    

 No

32 (19.8)

    

 Only banned days

37 (22.8)

    

*Profession n (%)

  

 Nurse

 

121 (92.4)

   

 Physician

 

5 (3.8)

   

 Other

 

5 (3.8)

   

*Accommodation areas during the outbreak n (%)

  

 Own home

 

92 (70.2)

   

 Hotel/lodging/other home

 

32 (24.4)

   

 Isolation in my own home

 

7 (5.3)

   

Emotions M ± SD

  

 aDo you have anxiety/fear of infecting your relatives or people you contact with?

6.67 ± 2.68

8.35 ± 2.30

6.77 ± 3.66

14.601

< 0.001

 aDo you have anxiety/fear of being infected?

6.114 ± 2.827

5.6605 ± 2.500

 

− 1.457

0.146

 *Do you have anxiety/fear of re-hospitalisation with diagnosis of Covid-19?

  

3.16 ± 3.18

  
  1. *Questions were asked only to one group. F: one-way ANOVA test; χ2: Chi-square test
  2. aOne-way anova was used for compare the means of three or more independent groups
  3. bThe Chi-square (χ2) test was used for comparison of categorical variables