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Table 3 Difference in the migraine-quality of life with respect to the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients (n=320)

From: Quality of life and its predictors among patients with migraine in Qassim region, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study

Factor

RR score

Mean ± SD

RP score

Mean ± SD

EF score

Mean ± SD

Age in years a

   

  ≤ 30 years

69.0 ± 19.5

69.9 ± 20.2

70.8 ± 22.6

  > 30 years

65.5 ± 20.4

66.2 ± 21.1

70.2 ± 21.2

Z-score; p-value

− 1.366; 0.172

− 1.463; 0.144

− 0.449; 0.654

Gendera

   

 Male

69.1 ± 20.1

71.0 ± 19.4

71.8 ± 21.4

 Female

66.8 ± 19.7

66.9 ± 21.2

69.8 ± 22.5

Z-score; p-value

− 1.067; 0.286

− 1.584; 0.113

− 0.794; 0.427

Educational level a

   

 Secondary or below

67.2 ± 20.2

68.9 ± 21.8

68.0 ± 21.8

 University degree or higher

67.9 ± 19.8

68.4 ± 20.1

71.6 ± 21.8

Z-score; p-value

− 0.126; 0.900

− 0.475; 0.635

− 0.899; 0.369

Employed a

   

 Yes

63.8 ± 20.3

65.1 ± 20.9

68.3 ± 21.4

 No

70.5 ± 19.1

70.9 ± 20.0

72.1 ± 22.5

Z-score; p-value

− 2.987; 0.003 **

− 2.639; 0.008 **

− 1.752; 0.080

Smoking a

   

 Yes

65.2 ± 17.3

64.9 ± 17.5

67.5 ± 22.1

 No

68.5 ± 20.5

69.6 ± 21.4

71.5 ± 22.0

Z-score; p-value

− 1.308; 0.191

− 2.127; 0.033 **

− 1.499; 0.134

How long have you been diagnosed with migraine headaches?a

   

   ≤ 2 years

69.0 ± 18.4

69.6 ± 19.5

70.5 ± 21.7

  > 2 years

65.8 ± 21.7

66.9 ± 22.1

70.7 ± 22.8

Z-score; p-value

− 1.092; 0.275

− 0.681; 0.496

− 0.008; 0.994

How often do you have migraine attacks? b

   

  < 12 times a year

77.9 ± 20.8

77.2 ± 22.1

81.9 ± 19.9

  1–4 times per month

66.9 ± 17.4

69.7 ± 18.9

71.1 ± 21.9

  1–3 times per week

63.8 ± 15.4

63.2 ± 17.1

65.5 ± 19.6

  Daily or almost daily

61.1 ± 24.5

62.5 ± 22.6

61.4 ± 22.9

H-test; p-value

30.512; < 0.001 **

28.833; < 0.001**

34.306; < 0.001**

Medication used when having headacheb

   

 Paracetamol

71.3 ± 20.4

71.7 ± 21.5

74.7 ± 22.1

 Strong painkillers

62.7 ± 18.8

65.4 ± 18.9

65.8 ± 21.3

 Paracetamol and painkillers

61.5 ± 17.9

63.7 ± 18.4

63.1 ± 21.7

 Triptan derivatives/nausea medications/Others

73.6 ± 18.7

70.5 ± 21.9

75.5 ± 20.6

H-test; p-value

17.569; 0.001**

9.184; 0.027**

17.088; 0.001**

Use of Preventive medication for the treatment of migrainea

   

 Yes

69.9 ± 19.8

70.2 ± 20.2

69.9 ± 1.8

 No

65.8 ± 19.8

67.1 ± 0.9

71.2 ± 22.4

Z-score; p-value

− 3.230; 0.001**

− 2.476; 0.013**

− 2.979; 0.003**

Do you suffer from chronic diseasesa

   

 Yes

68.3 ± 19.6

65.7 ± 20.5

68.9 ± 22.1

 No

67.5 ± 19.9

69.6 ± 20.6

71.2 ± 22.1

Z-score; p-value

-0.200; 0.842

-1.477; 0.140

-0.957; 0.339

  1. aP-value has been calculated using Mann Whiney U-test. bP-value has been calculated using Kruskal Wallis H-test
  2. **Significant p < 0.05 level