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Table 1 Demographic, clinical and diagnostic features of post-COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 GBS cases

From: Is there a difference between GBS triggered by COVID-19 and those of other origins?

Variables

Post-COVID GBS

n = 10

Non-COVID GBS

n = 19

p

Age, mean ± SD

55.2 ± 14.8

56.5 ± 15.7

0.836

Male gender, n (%)

5 (50%)

14 (73.7%)

0.244

Comorbidities, n (%)

7 (70%)

10 (52.6%)

0.449

Number of comorbidities, median (IQR)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–2)

0.923

Diabetes mellitus, n (%)

2 (20%)

1 (5.3%)

0.267

Pulmonary disease, n (%)

0

1 (5.3%)

1.000

Onset to hospital admission, days, median (IQR)

6 (3–17.5)

4 (3–7)

0.178

Hospital admission before day 14, n (%)

7 (70%)

18 (94.7%)

0.105

GDS at admission, median (IQR)

3 (2.75–4)

4 (2–4)

0.701

GDS > 2 at admission, n (%)

8 (80%)

12 (63.2%)

0.431

MRC-SS at admission, median (IQR)

41.5 (38–44.5)

46 (39–54)

0.174

Cranial nerves involvement at admission, n (%)

2 (20%)

6 (31.6%)

0.675

Facial weakness at admission, n (%)

2 (20%)

7 (36.8%)

0.431

Bulbar weakness at admission, n (%)

2 (20%)

6 (31.6%)

0.675

Sensitive disturbances at admission, n (%)

10 (100%)

13 (68.4%)

0.068

Limb weakness at admission, n (%)

10 (100%)

18 (94.7%)

1.000

Autonomic dysfunction during hospitalization, n (%)

3 (30%)

4 (21.1%)

0.665

Onset to nadir, median (IQR), days

10 (5–14)

8(4–10)

0.054

Nadir before day 14, n (%)

7 (70%)

17 (94.7%)

0.116

GDS at nadir, median (IQR)

3.5 (2.75–4.25)

4 (2–5)

0.670

GDS > 2 at nadir, n (%)

8 (80%)

14 (73.7%)

1.000

Onset to lumbar puncture, median (IQR), days

17 (11–27)

13 (12–15)

0.154

CSF proteins, median (IQR), mg/dL

1.07 (0.83–3.32)

0.64 (0.46–1.19)

0.035

CSF proteins > 0.5 mg/dL, n (%)

8/9 (88.9%)

11/14 (78.6%)

1.000

WBC in CSF, median (IQR), n/µL

2 (0–3)

2 (0.75–10.25)

0.235

WBC in CSF > 10/µL, n (%)

0/9

3/14 (21.4%)

0.253

Onset to NCS, median (IQR), days

26 (13–40)

18 (14–22.25)

0.090

NCS findings

   

 AIDP, n (%)

7 (70%)

14 (73.7%)

0.486

 AMAN, n (%)

1 (10%)

2 (10.5%)

 AMSAN, n (%)

0

2 (10.5%)

 Non-defined, n (%)

2 (20%)

1 (5.3%)

Therapy

   

 IVIg, n (%)

10 (100%)

16 (84.2%)

 

 PLEX, n (%)

0

1 (5.3%)

0.415

 Symptomatic, n (%)

0

2 (6.9%)

 

 Mechanical ventilation, n (%)

2 (20%)

4 (21.1%)

1.000

 Duration of mechanical ventilation, median (IQR), days

9.5 (8–11)

47.5 (29.5–79.5)

0.064

 GDS on discharge, median (IQR) (survived)

3.5 (1.75–4)

3 (1–4)

0.565

 Adverse outcome, n (%)

0

3 (15.8%)

0.532

 Hospital length of stay, days, median (IQR) (survived)

16 (9–25)

18 (12–27)

0.33

Place of discharge

   

 Home, n (%)

4 (40%)

6 (37.5%)

 

 Rehabilitation facility, n (%)

3 (30%)

3 (18.8%)

0.723

 Other hospital, n (%)

3 (30%)

7 (43.8%)

 
  1. GBS Guillain–Barré syndrome, GDS Guillain–Barré syndrome disability score, MRC-SS Medical Research Council sum score, CSF cerebrospinal fluid, WBC white blood cell, AIDP acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, AMAN acute motor axonal neuropathy, AMSAN acute motor–sensory axonal neuropathy, IVIG intravenous immunoglobulin, PLEX plasma exchange