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The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 2 Comparisons between those with major dependence (BIS = 0–55) and moderate dependence (BIS = 60–90)

From: Clinical and radiological assessment of hemiplegic shoulder pain in stroke patients

Characteristic

Dependence group

Test of significance

Major (N = 49)

Moderate (N = 25)

Categorical (nominal)

  

χ2

P value

Sex

  

4.652

0.031

 Female

29 (59.2%)

21 (84%)

 Male

20 (40.8%)

4 (16%)

Hemiplegic side

  

FET

0.012

 Right

11 (22.4%)

0 (0%)

 Left

38 (77.6%)

25 (100%)

Nature of stroke

  

6.181

0.013

 Ischemic

32 (65.3%)

23 (92%)

 Hemorrhagic

17 (34.7%)

2 (8%)

Sensory disturbance for light touch

24 (49%)

2 (8%)

12.198

 < 0.001

Adhesive capsulitis

21 (42.9%)

0 (0%)

FET

 < 0.001

Supraspinatus calcification

11 (22.4%)

0 (0%)

FET

0.012

Subacromial subdeltoid bursitis

11 (22.4%)

12 (48%)

5.045

0.025

Bicipital tendinitis

27 (55.1%)

6 (24%)

6.481

0.011

Shoulder subluxation

6 (12.2%)

4 (16%)

FET

0.725

Shoulder joint effusion

22 (44.9%)

13 (52%)

0.335

0.563

Acromio-clavicular joint capsular hypertrophy

5 (10.2%)

1 (4%)

FET

0.657

Rotator cuff disorders

10 (20.4%)

9 (36%)

2.109

0.146

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)

21 (42.9%)

1 (4%)

11.964

0.001

Presence of risk factors for stroke

49 (100%)

22 (88%)

FET

0.035

 Diabetes

36 (73.5%)

17 (68%)

0.244

0.622

 Hypertension

33 (67.3%)

14 (56%)

0.920

0.338

 IHD

22 (44.9%)

7 (28%)

1.983

0.159

 AF

3 (6.1%)

3 (12%)

FET

0.400

 Smoking

2 (4.1%)

1 (4%)

FET

1.000

 Dyslipidemia

21 (42.9%)

9 (36%)

0.323

0.570

Ordinal/Quantitative

  

Z value

P value

Age (years)

62 (59–66)

61 (59–65)

− 1.303

0.192

Disease duration (months)

0.5 (0.5–2)

5 (4–6.5)

− 5.221

 < 0.001

Number of risk factors for stroke

2 (2–3)

2 (1–3)

− 1.181

0.238

Muscle power score (0–5)

2 (0–3)

4 (4–4)

− 6.697

 < 0.001

Brunnström motor recovery (BMR) stage

2 (1–2)

4 (3–4)

− 6.805

 < 0.001

Ashworth Scale

1 (0–3)

1 (1–1)

− 0.315

0.753

VAS scale

2 (2–3)

2 (2–3)

− 0.043

0.965

  1. Bold indicates that p value ≤ 0.050
  2. Data are N (%) for categorical (nominal) variables, and median (25th–75th percentile) for ordinal and quantitative data. Test of significance is Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test (FET) for categorical (nominal) variables, and Mann–Whitney U-test for ordinal and quantitative data
  3. IHD ischemic heart disease, AF atrial fibrillation, VAS visual analog scale, CRS complex regional pain syndrome
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