Table 1 Summary of risk factors for bullying

Risk factors for bullying

Individual risk factor

Gender

Grade level

Ethnicity

Socioeconomic status

Physical features and body built

Externalizing behavior

Self-esteem

Social skills and popularity

Academic achievement

Disability status

Peer group risk factors

Peer group norms

Delinquency

Drug and alcohol abuse

School risk factors

School climate

Teacher attitude

Classroom characteristics

School belonging

Parental risk factors

Parental characteristics

Family discord

Community risk factors

Neighbourhoods

Societal risk factors

Social media