From: Gut microbiota in Parkinson’s disease patients: hospital-based study
Total PD patients (n = 46) | PD patients under treatments (n = 39) | Newly diagnosed (non-treated patients) (n = 7) | Control (n = 31) | P-value | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total PD versus controls | Treated PD versus controls | Newly PD versus controls | Newly versus treated patients | |||||
Clostridium cluster IV | 11.5 ± 3.7 | 11.9 ± 3.7 | 9.8 ± 4.3 | 8.04 ± 1.38 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.39 | 0.378 |
Firmicutes | 7.6 ± 2.3 | 7.3 ± 2.2 | 9.0 ± 2.7 | 9.64 ± 1.89 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 0.90 | 0.061 |
Akkermansia | 8.0 ± 1.9 | 8.3 ± 1.9 | 6.5 ± 0.97 | 6.75 ± 1.92 | 0.012 | 0.005 | 1.0 | 0.043 |
Bifidobacterium | 10.8 ± 1.4 | 10.7 ± 1.4 | 11.4 ± 1.2 | 9.36 ± 1.69 | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 0.004 | 0.238 |
Lactic acid bacteria | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 12.3 ± 2.3 | 13.3 ± 2.2 | 9.98 ± 3.84 | 0.003 | 0.04 | 0.022 | 0.289 |