Evaluated factors | First-line agents OR (95% CI) | Opioids OR (95% CI) | NSAIDs OR (95% CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | 0.96 (0.93–0.98)† | 0.98 (0.95–1.01) | 1.03 (1.01–1.05)† |
Female (ref male) | 0.46 (0.21–1.00) | 1.36 (0.61–3.01) | 0.45 (0.26–0.79)† |
Diabetes mellitus | 0.75 (0.24–2.32) | 3.38 (0.69–16.58) | 0.75 (0.24–2.32) |
Anxiety | 0.34 (0.09–1.27) | 1.00 (0.29–3.38) | 0.67 (0.26–1.69) |
Depression | 1.16 (0.47–2.89) | 1.00 (0.41–2.44) | 0.99 (0.53–1.82) |
Alcohol intake | 0.41 (0.19–0.90)† | 2.32 (1.01–5.35)† | 0.96 (0.52–1.77) |
Smoking status | 0.89 (0.42–1.86) | 3.59 (1.46–8.81)† | 0.56 (0.32–1.00) |
Diabetic neuropathy | 6.27 (1.72–22.82)† | 0.05 (0.004–0.62)† | 1.09 (0.25–4.75) |
Post-herpetic neuralgia | 6.15 (0.78–47.99) | 0.14 (0.01–1.57) | 1.31 (0.33–5.20) |
Cervical/lumbar radiculopathy | 2.74 (0.46–16.16) | 0.05 (0.008–0.34)† | 2.63 (0.97–7.12) |
Spinal cord injury | 3.00 (0.46–19.26) | 0.99 (0.16–6.11) | 2.33 (0.74–7.29) |
Neuropathic post-operative pain | 1.78 (0.24–12.86) | 0.79 (0.12–5.14) | 1.01 (0.28–3.61) |
Trigeminal neuralgia | 0.55 (0.05–7.50) | 0.75 (0.04–11.60) | 0.00 (0.00–) |
Post traumatic neuralgia | 1.02 (0.99–5.57) | 1.14 (0.15–8.27) | 1.20 (0.30–4.79) |
Prescribed by a physician | 23.33 (9.36–58.11)† | 5.17 (1.02–25.95)† | 0.10 (0.03–0.26)† |