Table 4 Kinetic, kinematic and temporal determinants of sit-to-stand in Parkinson’s disease
Author and year | STS time (seconds) | Kinematic variables | Kinetic variables | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak joint angles (degrees) | Peak joint torques (N m kg−1 m−1) | Rate to peak joint torque | ||||||
Healthy controls | PD | Healthy controls | PD | Healthy controls | PD | Healthy controls | PD | |
Mak et al. (2003) | 1.4* | 0.8* | Hip flexion = 29.7 (6.1) | 34.4 (6.6) | Hip flexion = 0.201 (0.061) | 0.089 (0.072)) | (N m kg−1 m−1) s−1 | |
1.033 (0.733) | 0.260 (0.379) | |||||||
Hip extension = 87.1 (8.7) | 83.2 (9.1) | Hip extension = 0.914 (0.173) | 0.868 (0.116) | 1.870 (0.603) | 1.149 (0.394) | |||
– | – | Knee flexion = 0.207 (0.120) | 0.234 (0.141) | 0.192 (0.009) | 0.180 (0.149) | |||
Knee extension = 78.1 (9.9) | 73.7 (7.4) | Knee extension = 1.170 (0.268) | 1.066 (0.194) | 1.989 (0.451) | 1.336 (0.447) | |||
Ankle DF = 10.7 (4.8) | 13.9 (4.8) | Ankle DF = 0.378 (0.192) | 0.228 (0.164) | 0.476 (0.132) | 0.325 (0.009) | |||
_ | _ | Ankle PF = 0.639 (0.167) | 0.683 (0.113) | 0.634 (0.340) | 0.326 (0.293) | |||
Inkster et al. (2003) | 1.89 (0.16) | On = 1.86 (0.37) | _ | _ | Hip extension = 0.96 (0.32) | On = 0.68 (0.19) Off = 0.76(0.30) | _ | _ |
Off = 1.97 (0.27) | Knee extension = 1.18 (0.24) | On = 1.07(0.16) Off = 1.00(0.22) | ||||||
Pääsuke et al. (2004) | 1.88 (0.31) | 2.46 (0.25) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Ramsey et al. (2003) | 3.79 (0.75) | 4.18 (1.63) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Mak et al. (2002) | 1.91 ± 0.28 | 2.86 ± 0.77 | _ | _ | Hip flexion = 0.24 ± 0.12 | 0.08 ± 0.11 | (Seconds) | |
0.26 ± 0.09 | 0.30 ± 0.20 | |||||||
Hip extension = 0.93 ± 0.15 | 0.83 ± 0.12 | 0.69 ± 0.18 | 1.15 ± 0.34 | |||||
Knee extension = 1.21 ± 0.20 | 1.17 ± 0.15 | 0.80 ± 0.19 | 1.25 ± 0.34 | |||||
Ankle DF = 0.46 ± 0.22 | 0.32 ± 0.15 | 0.70 ± 0.24 | 1.15 ± 0.34 | |||||
Inkster et al. (2004) | 1.89 (0.37) | On = 1.86 (0.37) | Hip flexion = 17.0 (8.6) | On = 21.5 (14.0) | Hip flexion = 0.24 (0.09) | On = 0.28 (0.21); Off = 0.26 (0.23) | _ | _ |
Off = 23.6 (10.0) | ||||||||
Hip extension = 56.5 (15.7) | On = 54.7 (23.3) | Hip extension = 0.42 (0.22) | On = 0.42 (0.23); Off = 0.40 (0.17) | |||||
Off = 60.2 (15.6) | ||||||||
Off = 1.97 (0.27) | Knee extension = 75.3 (7.3) | On = 76.7 (6.5) | Knee extension = 1.13 (0.20) | On = 1.02 (0.22); Off = 0.94 (0.12) | ||||
Off = 76.8 (7.1) | ||||||||
Ankle DF = 7.5 (3.7) | On = 6.9 (1.2) | Ankle DF = 0.11 (0.005) | On = 0.13(0.009); Off = 0.11(0.005) | |||||
Off = 7.9 (2.4) | ||||||||
Ankle PF = 15.0 (2.6) | On = 12.7 (4.3) | |||||||
Off = 12.9 (4.2) | ||||||||
Buckley et al. (2008) | 1.01 (0.08) | 1.33 (0.12) | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ | _ |
Mak et al. (2004) | 1.976 (0.319) | 2.958 (0.8) | _ | _ | Hip flexion = 0.239 (0.098) | 0.064 (0.099) | (Seconds) | |
0.268 (0.094) | 0.213 (0.353) | |||||||
Hip extension = 0.922 (0.194) | 0.828 (0.099) | 0.760 (0.21) | 1.213 (0.329) | |||||
Knee extension = 1.194 (0.208) | 1.129 (0.194) | 0.861 (0.213) | 1.343 (0.346) | |||||
Ankle DF = 0. 462 (0.199) | 0.301 (0.807) | 0.794 (0.2) | 1.295 (0.365) | |||||