Table 2 Biomarkers of cognitive impairment and MoCA test scores in patients with cognitive impairment compared with patients with preserved cognition

Number

31 (25.8%)

89 (74.2%)

Age (Y)

66.87 ± 8.21

61.56 ± 6.87

P = 0.001

Gender (male)

17 (54.8%)

46 (51.7%)

P = 0.76

Education

 Illiterate

5 (16.1%)

14 (15.7%)

P = 0.9

 Primary school

9 (29%)

22 (24.7%)

 Secondary school

6 (19.4%)

20 (22.5%)

 Tertiary school

5 (16.1%)

16 (18%)

 University education

6 (19.4%)

17 (19.1%)

Biomarkers of cognitive impairment

 ESR

32.9 ± 28.5

18.7 ± 16.8

P < 0.001

 CRP

7.1 ± 2.29

3.94 ± 1.1

P < 0.01

 S100B

136 ± 39.24

95 ± 29.2

P < 0.01

 MMP 9 ng/ml

417.5 ± 122

212.6 ± 79.8

P < 0.01

 Glutamate nmol/l

1.412 ± 0.492

0.971 ± 0.374

P < 0.01

MoCA test scores

 Visual–spatial ability

3.17 ± 1.11

3.47 ± 1.08

P = 0.39

 Naming

2.32 ± 0.57

2.42 ± 0.77

P = 0.51

 Executive functions

2.42 ± 1.07

3.53 ± 0.96

P = 0.005*

 Attention

4.34 ± 1.23

5.69 ± 1.34

P = 0.04 *

 Language

3.41 ± 1.2

4.37 ± 1.34

P = 0.03*

 Memory

3.08 ± 1.27

3.75 ± 1.43

P = 0.02*

 Orientation

5.69 ± 0.3

6.09 ± 0.38

P = 0.12

 Total MoCA score

21.72 ± 2.93

26.02 ± 3.21

P < 0.001

ASPECTS

5.46 ± 3.84

8.32 ± 1.33

P = 0.004