Table 6 Comparison of cognitive impairment with international studies
Study name | Country | Sample size | Aquaporin 4 positivity | Main finding |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Cho et al. 2018 [22] | Korea | 14 NMOSD vs. 21 HCs | 13/14 | -Patients perform significantly worse in attention/working memory, processing speed, executive function, and visuo-spatial processing -CI in patients associated with local efficiency, regional efficiency, and nodal clustering coefficient of two disrupted subnetworks |
Fujimori et al. 2017 [23] | Japan | 12 NMOSD vs 14 MS | 12/12 | -Impairment in perceptual organization, working memory, and processing speed -Compared to MS less CI |
Saji et al. 2013 [6] | Japan | 14 NMO vs 17 MS vs 37 HCs | 14/14 | -57% CI compared to HC significant cortical neuron density decrease in layers II, III, and IV -Cognitive deficits in sustained attention, concentration, speed of information, processing, and verbal memory |
Vanotti et al. 2013 [7] | Argentine | 14 NMOSD vs 17 MS vs 14 HCs | NR | -57% CI compared to HC dysfunctions in verbal fluencies and attention -Compared to MS similar pattern of dysfunction |
Moore et al. 2016 [24] | UK | 42 NMOSD vs 42 MS vs 42 HCs | 30/42 | -67% CI substantial cognitive andpsychiatric comorbidities in NMOSD -Compared to MS greater psychological burden, but similar CI prevalence and profiles |
Present study | India | 20 NMOSD vs 40 MS | 18/20 | -75% CI executive function, verbal fluency, information processing speed, visuo-constructional ability, attention, complex calculation, and memory involved. -Compared to MS similar pattern of involvement. -Compared to MS verbal fluency and visuo-perceptual ability was more impaired |