Reliability and validity of Arabic version of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis: Egyptian dialect

Farghaly, Marwa; Langdon, Dawn W.; Shalaby, Nevin M.; Shehata, Hatem S.; Abokrysha, Noha T.; Hassan, Amr; Hegazy, Mohamed I.; Elmazny, Alaa; Ahmed, Sandra; Shaheen, Shaimaa; Othman, Alshaimaa S.; Yacoub, Osama; Kishk, Nirmeen A.

doi:10.1186/s41983-021-00303-6

The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 6 Previous studies validating BICAMS

From: Reliability and validity of Arabic version of the brief international cognitive assessment for multiple sclerosis: Egyptian dialect

Study country			Czech Republic¹⁹	Italy^20,21	Brazil²²	Brazil²³*	Lithuania²⁴	Ireland²⁵	Hungary²⁶	Canada²⁷	America²⁸	Argentina²⁹	Greece^30#	Belgium³¹	Turkey³²	Portgal³³	German^34Ψ	Japan³⁵
No.	PwMS		369	192	58	34	50	67	65	57	41	50	44	97	173	105	172	156
No.	HC		134	273	58	-	20	66	65	51	32	100	79	97	153	60	100	126
Age of PwMS (year) Mean±SD			34±10	41.4±10.8	41.2±12.2	43.4±10.8	38.8±10.2	43.9±12.1	41.9±8.9	45.4±9.9	46.7±8.6	43.4± 10.2	40.2±9.9	45.4±9.2	37.5 ± 10.7	38.3±11	43.3±11.6	41.4±9.3
Years of education Mean±SD			14±3	12.3±3.5	12.7±5.2	15% ≤ 8 38% 8-11 29% 11–18 18% >18	15.9±2.8	13.6±2.7	48% ≤12 52% ≥ 13	15.44±2.7	15.2±2.2	14.9 ± 2.8	14.1±4.8	14.3±1.9	13.9 ± 7.3	13.6±3.7	-	14.1±1.9
Disease duration (year) Mean±SD/Median			8±7	12.7 ± 8.9	8.3±6.6	9.47±7.9	11.7±9.2	10.2± 8.4	11.1±7.6	10.1± 7.7	12.7±8.2	13.1±9.1	9.1±4.1	13± 7.2	9.2 ± 6.1	6.5 ±6	-	10.3±7.2
EDSS mean±SD			3±1.5	2.7±1.7	4.2±2	3.4±1.3	3.3±1.3	1.8±0.9 (RRMS) 5.7±1.4 (SPMS) 7 (PPMS)	2.5±1.8	2.7± 1.9	-	3.3 ±2.6	3.5	3.5±2.5	2.4 ± 1.7	1.5	-	2.4±2.0
SDMT	HC Mean±SD		65± 9	56.3±11.3	47.5±13	56.3±10.3	57.7±11.5	55.9±10.9	66.8±12.4	59.1± 8.5	60.7±9.2	56.7± 10.9	61.4±13.1	61±10.2	53.5± 9.5	58.7 ±10	56.1±11.6	61.0±9.5
	PwMS	Mean±SD	50±13	46.4±12.8	35.9±16.1	48.5±14.9	42.7±13.9	46 ±12.9	55.6±15.5	49.7± 10.8	51.7±11.7	45.1±16.1	45.0±17.2	52.1±13.1	43.2 ± 12.5	51.8±11.2	47.4± 11.7 (BL)	47.9±14
	PwMS	% with impairment	42	19 in all tests	-	67	-	-	-	28.1	-	-	43	-	41	14.3	19.2	-
CVLT	HC Mean±SD		60±8	56.3± 9		58.4±8.3	65.7±5.9	52.8± 8.8	59± 8.3	57.7± 7.9	60.8±9	60.9± 10.5	60.5±10.7	61.3±9.7	53.9 ± 7.7	60.5±10	55.2± 10.3	55.7±10.5
	PwMS	mean±SD	52±11	49.9±12.1	42.1 ± 12.4	48.2±8.6	55.9±10	45.3±10.2	55.4 ± 10.7	51.6± 10.1	53.6±10.9	50.9±12.4	55.5±12.3	60.1±12.9	45.7±11.3	55.1± 11.9	55.4±11.4 (VLMT) (BL)	48.6±12.6
	PwMS	% with impairment	22	19 in all tests	-	73	-	40	-	26.3	-	-	20	-	38.2	9.5	8.1(on VLMT)	-
BVRT	HC mean±SD		29±4	27.9±6.1	23.8 ± 7.7	26.2±8.3	29.6±4.1	20.7± 6.6	26.7 ±5.6	29.8±3.6	25.7±6.3	23.4± 5.8	22.1±6.5	25.4±7.3	22.5±9.2	24.7 ± 5.5	27.4±6	28.3±5.4
	PwMS	mean±SD	23±7	23.7±8	19.9 ± 8.6	23.5±6.7	23.1±7	17.9 ±7.1	22.54± 8.5	24.6±6.5	21.3±7	20.7±7.7	18.5±8.3	28.2±5.1	16.9 ± 8.5	21.7± 7.3	24.4±7.6 (BL)	23.5±8.4
	PwMS	% with impairment	41	19 in all tests	-	58	-	10	-	43.9	-	-	22		33.5	11.4	26.5	-

*Used 1SD of the mean for cutoff and means of HCs were norms from previous studies
#Instead of the CVLT-II, the Greek Adaptation Greek Verbal Learning Test (GVLT) was used
^ΨInstead of CVLT-II, the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) German version: Verbaler Lern- und Merkfähigkeits-Test, (VLMT) was chosen as verbal short-term memory and learning test.
No. number, HC healthy controls, PwMS Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, EDSS Expanded Disability Status Scale, SDMT Symbol Digit Modality Test, CVLT California Verbal Learning Test, BVRT Brief Visuospatial Retention Test, BL baseline
RRMS relapsing remitting, MS SPMS secondary progressive, MS PPMS primary progressive MS

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