Headache subtypes | Total | Males (N = 131) | Females (N = 369) | Male:female ratio | P value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | 445 | 110 (84%) | 335 (90.8%) | 1:3 | Â |
Migraine | 253 | 75 | 178 | 3:7 | 0.1 |
 Migraine without aura | 150 | 38 (29.0%) | 112 (30.4%) |  |  |
  Chronic migraine | 50 | 18 (13.7%) | 32 (8.7%) |  |  |
  Probable migraine without aura | 18 | 4 (3.1%) | 14 (3.8%) |  |  |
  Migraine with visual aura | 15 | 4 (3.1%) | 11 (3.0%) |  |  |
  Migraine with sensory aura | 13 | 7 (5.3%) | 6 (1.6%) |  |  |
 Probable migraine with aura | 4 | 3 (2.3%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
  Migraine with brainstem aura | 3 | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
 Episodic migraine | 203 (40.6) | 57 (43.5) | 146 (39.5) |  | 0.3 |
 Chronic migraine | 50 (10) | 18 (13.7) | 32 (8.6) |  |  |
Tension-type headache | 168 | 26 (19.8%) | 142 (42.3%) | 1:5 | 0.004 |
 Frequent episodic TTH associated with PT | 72 | 12 (9.2%) | 60 (16.3%) |  |  |
 Frequent episodic TTH not associated with PT | 60 | 8 (6.1%) | 52 (14.1%) |  |  |
 Chronic TTH associated with PT | 20 | 4 (3.1%) | 16 (4.3%) |  |  |
 Chronic TTH not associated with PT | 8 | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (2.2%) |  |  |
 Probable frequent TTH | 6 | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (1.6%) |  |  |
 Probable chronic TTH | 2 | 2 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TAC) | 11 | 4(3%) | 7(2%) | Â | Â |
 Episodic cluster headache | 4 | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
 Episodic paroxysmal hemicrania | 3 | 2 (1.5%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Probable paroxysmal hemicrania | 3 | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (0.8%) |  |  |
 Episodic SUNCT | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
Other primary headache disorders | 13 | 5(3.8%) | 8(2.3 %) | Â | Â |
 Primary headache associated with sexual activity | 5 | 1 (0.8%) | 4 (1.1%) |  |  |
 New daily persistent headache (NDPH) | 3 | 1 (0.8%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
 Primary stabbing headache | 2 | 1 (0.8%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Probable primary exercise headache | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Primary thunderclap headache | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Hypnic headache | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
Secondary headache | 51 | 19 (14.5%) | 32(8.7%) | 3:5 | Â |
 Medication overuse headache (MOH) | 14 | 7 (5.3%) | 7 (1.9%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to acute rhinosinusitis | 7 | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (1.9%) |  |  |
 Persistent headache attributed to mild head injury | 5 | 3 (2.3%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
 Acute headache attributed to systemic viral infection | 5 | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (1.4%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to hypertensive encephalopathy | 4 | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (1.1%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to ischemic stroke | 3 | 2 (1.5%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to intracranial neoplasia | 2 | 2 (1.5%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to IIH | 2 | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
 Sleep apnea headache | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor induced headache | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Persistent headache attributed to moderate to severe traumatic injury to the head | 1 | 1(0.8) | 0(0) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to TIA | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to non-traumatic acute ASDH | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to hypothyroidism | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to GCA | 1 | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to CVT | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
 Headache attributed to acute glaucoma | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (0.3%) |  |  |
Painful cranial neuropathy | 4 | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (0.5 %) | 1:1 | Â |
 Classical TN purely paroxysmal | 4 | 2 (1.5%) | 2 (0.5%) |  |  |
Headache course | 500 | 131 | 369 | 1:3 | Â |
 Episodic headache | 381(76.2%) | 91 (69.5%) | 290 (78.6%) |  |  |
 Chronic headache | 119(23.8%) | 40 (30.5%) | 79 (21.4%) |  | 0.035 |
Overlap of headache disorders | Â | Â | Â | Â | 0.06 |
 Migraine and TTH | 23 | 2 (1.5) | 21 (5.7) |  |  |
 Chronic migraine and MOH | 64 | 25 (5) | 39 (7.8) |  |  |
 Chronic TTH and MOH | 44 | 13 (2.6) | 31 (6.2) |  |  |
 Posttraumatic migraine |  | 2 (1.5) | 0 (0) |  |  |
 Migraine and headache due to sexual activity | 1 | 0 (0) | 1 (0.2) |  |  |