Role of serum biomarkers and transcranial Doppler in predicting cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Table 3 Comparison between serum biomarker concentrations on day 2 of aSAH and at time of CV

Serum biomarkers of CV group	Day 2	At time of detection of CV	Paired t test	p value
vWF (ng/ml)
Mean ± SD	6613.26 ± 1580.23	6901.89 ± 1546.96	− 2.920	0.009
Range	4540–a9421	4798–a9460	− 2.920	0.009
VEGF (pg/ml)
Mean ± SD	271.68 ± 92.93	329.62 ± 81.19	− 2.047	0.048
Range	62.9–a413	116–a420	− 2.047	0.048
MMP-9 (ng/ml)
Mean ± SD	798.11 ± 145.97	830.84 ± 129.85	− 4.289	< 0.001
Range	510–a1000	540–a994	− 4.289	< 0.001

aSAH aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, CV cerebral vasospasm (ml), MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9, ng/ml nanograms per milliliter, pg/ml picogram per milliliter, SD standard deviation, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, vWF von Willebrand factor