Role of serum biomarkers and transcranial Doppler in predicting cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage

Table 2 Comparison between CV and non-CV groups in relation to serum biomarkers concentrations

Serum biomarkers on day 2	Vasospasm (n = 19)	No vasospasm (n = 16)	p value
vWF (ng/ml)
Mean ± SD	6613.26 ± 1580.23	4831.56 ± 793.44	< 0.001
Range	4540–a9421	3600–a6335	< 0.001
VEGF (pg/ml)
Mean ± SD	271.68 ± 92.93	119.41 ± 43.05	< 0.001
Range	62.9–a413	45.1–a205	< 0.001
MMP-9 (ng/ml)
Mean ± SD	798.11 ± 145.97	339.69 ± 91.54	< 0.001
Range	510–a1000	86.1–a495	< 0.001

CV cerebral vasospasm (ml), MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9, n number, ng/ml nanogram per milliliter, pg/ml picogram per milliliter, SD standard deviation, VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor, vWF von Willebrand factor