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Table 1 Summary of studies on subacute and chronic vascular aphasia (January 2016–February 2020) evaluating the potency of noninvasive neuromodulation technologies

From: The management of subacute and chronic vascular aphasia: an updated review

Author

Case (n)

Intervention

Post-stroke onset

Therapeutic duration/intensity

Outcome

Meinzer et al.,2016

26

Intensive naming + tDCS

> 12 months

Naming therapy (14 days/ 1.5 h/day) × 2 per day prior stimulation

Multi-session tDCS provoke long-lasting enhancement of therapeutic outcome

Carlson et al. 2016

1

rTMS + SLT

30 months

2 weeks/ rTMS + SLT

rTMS is safe in pediatric PSA

Sebastian et al. 2017

1

Cerebellar tDCS + BT

5 years

15 sessions /

60 days apart.

Anodal cerebellar tDCS + BT is more efficient than BT alone

Marangolo et al. 2017

14

tsDCS

≥ 6 months

3 weeks / 20 min/ 2 mA

tsDCS promotes verb recovery in chronic PSA

Harvey et al. 2017

09

rTMS

55 months

10 days/600 pulses

rTMS offers long-lasting enhancements in picture naming

Woodhead et al. 2018

21

iReadMore VS tDCS

> 1 year

4 weeks/ 34 h iReadMore + 11 stimulation sessions

iReadMore confirmed in advancing the reading proficiency for trained words in central alexia

Spielmann et al. 2018

13

tDCS + word-finding

≥ 6 months

3 sessions, 3 days apart /1 month

There is probability of determining an optimal electrode position

Hu et al. 2018

40

LF-rTMS

VS HF-rTMS

> 1 month

HF-rTMS (10 Hz)

LF-rTMS (1 Hz)

Low-frequency rTMS is more efficient than the high frequency.

Szaflarski et al. 2018

12

iTBS + mCIAT

 

mCIAT 45 min/10 days

1 session iTBS/10 days

Before mCIAT

iTBS + mCIAT achievable and safe

Vila-Nova et al. 2019

13

tDCS + word-finding

15–70 months

-6 months SLT × 1 for week

- 3 weeks tDCS

tDCS effectivity in articulation but not word count

Harvey et al. 2019

11

CTBS

≥ 6 months

600 pulses

CTBS offer long-lasting enhancements in picture naming

Heikkinen et al. 2019

17

rTMS + ILAT

≥ 12 months

2 weeks

-ILAT exhibited effectiveness for the chronic PSA phase

-rTMS did not yield notable results

Georgiou et al. 2019

02

cTBS

20–25 months

600 pulses

cTBS as monotherapy improve promote language recovery

  1. mCIAT Modified constraint-induced aphasia therapy, tsDCS Transcutaneous spinal direct current stimulation, rTMS repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, HF-rTMS high-frequency rTMS, LF-rTMS low-frequency rTMS, cTBS continuous theta burst stimulation, ILAT intensive language-action therapy, iTBS intermittent theta burst suppression, BT behavioral therapy, SLT speech-language therapy