Table 1 Demographic, socioeconomic, medical, and psychiatric risk factors in stroke patients and control subjects
Characteristic | Stroke patients, number = 103 | Control, number = 50 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Sex | 0.650 | ||
Male | 62 (60.2) | 32 (64) | |
Female | 41 (39.8) | 18 (36) | |
Age in years | |||
Mean ± SD (years) | 61.2 ± 14.7 | 59 ± 13.3 | 0.861 |
Residence | 0.281 | ||
Urban | 40 (38.8) | 24 (48) | |
Rural | 63 (61.2) | 26 (52) | |
Marital status | 0.046 | ||
Single | 9 (8.7) | 7 (14) | |
Married | 69 (67) | 39 (78) | |
Divorced/widowed | 25 (24.3) | 4 (8) | |
Education | 0.380 | ||
Literate | 77 (74.8) | 34 (68) | |
Illiterate | 26 (25.2) | 16 (32) | |
Socioeconomic status (SES) | 0.538 | ||
Low | 38 (36.9) | 23 (46) | |
Middle | 59 (57.3) | 25 (50) | |
High | 6 (5.8) | 2 (4) | |
Employment (occupation) | 0.336 | ||
Employed | 39 (37.9) | 23 (46) | |
Unemployed | 64 (62.1) | 27 (54) | |
Special habits (in males) | 0.570 | ||
Smoker males | 33/62 (53.2%) | 19/32 (59.4) | |
Non-smoker males | 29/62 (46.8%) | 13/32 (40.6) | |
Diabetes | 0.022 | ||
Yes | 24 (23.3) | 4 (8) | |
No | 79 (76.7) | 46 (92) | |
Hypertension | 0.021 | ||
Yes | 29 (28.2) | 7 (14) | |
No | 74 (71.8) | 43 (86) | |
Cardiac | 0.071 | ||
Yes | 17 (16.5) | 3 (6) | |
No | 86 (83.5) | 47 (94) | |
Past psychiatric history of depression | 19 (18.4) | 5 (10) | 0.098 |
Family history of depression in first-degree relatives | 10 (9.7) | 4 (8) | 0.964 |
Depressed | 38 (36.9) | 6 (12%) | 0.001 |
Non-depressed | 65 (63.1) | 44 (88) | |
Major depressive disorder | 22 (21.4) | 4 (8) | 0.039 |
Minor depression | 16 (15.5) | 2 (4) | 0.039 |