Skip to main content
The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 4 Clinical tools for the diagnosis of CNZ/FNZ-induced PKN by Teive et al. [131] modified by Rissardo and Caprara

From: Cinnarizine- and flunarizine-associated movement disorder: a literature review

1) History of CNZ/FNZ use

2) PKN after therapy with CNZ/FNZ use (at least two of the following symptoms: bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability)

3) Usually, symmetrical PKN associated with a depressive disorder

4) More commonly affects elderly individuals, especially females

5) Recovery with CNZ/FNZ withdrawal

6) Other possible causes of PKN excluded

  1. *Supporting feature: Presentation of PKN associated with other movement disorders at the same time with descending order of probability: akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, and possible myoclonus
  2. CNZ cinnarizine, FNZ flunarizine, PKN parkinsonism
Back to article page