Cinnarizine- and flunarizine-associated movement disorder: a literature review

Table 3 Incidence of some abnormal movements in the literature

MD	Drug	Reference	Year	NR	N	Incidence	Studied disease
PKN	CNZ	Martí-Masso et al.	1987	4	10	40%	Parkinson’s disease
PKN	FNZ	Martinez-Lage	1988	1	1435	0.07%	Migraine
Tremor	FNZ	Centozone et al.	1990	1	40	2.50%	Migraine
Bradykinesia	FNZ	Micheli et al.	1990	2	7	28.57%	Tourette’s syndrome
Tremor	CNZ	Wilder-Smith et al.	1991	1	14	7.10%	Emesis
AKT	CNZ	Wilder-Smith et al.	1991	1	14	7.10%	Emesis
PKN	FNZ	Handforth et al.	1995	1	16	6.25%	Epilepsy
EPS	FNZ	Biary et al.	1995	2	17	11.76%	Essential tremor
Tremor	FNZ	Vecchio et al.	1996	3	12	25%	Essential tremor
EPS	FNZ	Verspeelt et al.	1996	36	837	4.30%	Migraine
EPS	FNZ	Verspeelt et al.	1996	7	764	0.91%	Vestibular vertigo
PKN	FNZ/CNZ	Lin et al.	2016	280	9830	2.90%	Several
EPS	FNZ	Jhang et al.*	2017	-	-	21.03%	Several
EPS	CNZ	Jhang et al.*	2017	-	-	10.30%	Several
Tremor	FNZ	Karsan et al.	2018	9	200	4.50%	Migraine
Micrographia	FNZ	Karsan et al.	2018	2	200	1%	Migraine
PKN	FNZ	Lin et al.*	2019	-	-	8.72%	Migraine

Abbreviations: AKT akathisia, CNZ cinnarizine, EPS extrapyramidal symptoms, FNZ flunarizine, N number of individuals in the study, NR number of reports with the movement disorder, PKN parkinsonism
*Jhang et al. incidence rate (per 10,000 person-months); Lin et al. incidence rate (per 1000 person-years)