Table 2 Prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms in diabetic patients and controls
From: Psychosomatic complaints profile in patients with type 2 diabetes: a matched case-control study
Psychosomatic symptoms | Controls (n = 259) | Diabetic patients without psychological problems (n = 52) | P value | Diabetic patients with psychological problems (n = 35) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sometimes | Often/always | Sometimes | Often/always | Sometimes | Often/always | |||
Sleep disorder | 67 (27.9) | 43 (17.9) | 12 (27.3) | 3 (6.8) | 0.064 | 19 (54.3) | 9 (25.7) | 0.003 |
Pounding heart | 88 (35.1) | 18 (7.2) | 13 (26.0) | 3 (6.0) | 0.24 | 16 (45.7) | 7 (20.0) | 0.002 |
Feeling low on energy | 112 (45.5) | 43 (17.5) | 27 (57.4) | 3 (6.4) | 0.35 | 17 (48.6) | 17 (48.6) | < 0.0001 |
Feeling like “butterflies” in the stomach | 57 (23.4) | 7 (2.9) | 10 (21.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.33 | 15 (44.1) | 7 (20.6) | < 0.0001 |
Difficulty concentrating | 64 (26.1) | 13 (5.3) | 9 (18.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.042 | 18 (51.4) | 7 (20.0) | < 0.0001 |
Disturbing thoughts | 90 (36.7) | 26 (10.6) | 19 (40.4) | 2 (4.3) | 0.39 | 12 (34.3) | 16 (45.7) | < 0.0001 |
Dry mouth* | 85 (33.9) | 4 (1.6) | 24 (48.0) | 10 (20.0) | < 0.0001 | 15 (45.5) | 9 (27.3) | < 0.0001 |
Chest pain | 80 (32.5) | 11 (4.5) | 16 (32.0) | 2 (4.0) | 0.87 | 18 (52.9) | 4 (11.8) | 0.001 |
Feeling of fullness | 82 (32.4) | 18 (7.1) | 19 (38.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.36 | 12 (34.3) | 6 (17.1) | 0.06 |
Nausea | 24 (9.7) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.9 | 6 (17.1) | 1 (2.9) | 0.24 |
Gastroesophageal reflux | 49 (20.2) | 2 (0.8) | 14 (26.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0.56 | 6 (17.6) | 2 (5.9) | 0.12 |
Pain or discomfort in the abdomen | 84 (34.1) | 12 (4.9) | 19 (38.8) | 2 (4.1) | 0.74 | 15 (42.9) | 4 (11.4) | 0.045 |
Constipation | 98 (38.6) | 23 (9.1) | 22 (44.0) | 3 (6.0) | 0.95 | 14 (40.0) | 6 (17.1) | 0.14 |
Diarrhea | 72 (28.8) | 5 (2.0) | 19 (38.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.38 | 11 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.83 |
Bloating or swelling of the abdomen | 103 (42.2) | 33 (13.5) | 15 (30.0) | 4 (8.0) | 0.031 | 17 (50.0) | 6 (17.6) | 0.21 |
Anal pain | 45 (18.9) | 3 (1.3) | 8 (17.4) | 2 (4.3) | 0.33 | 8 (22.9) | 1 (2.9) | 0.45 |
Headache | 137 (54.6) | 38 (15.1) | 29 (60.4) | 3 (6.3) | 0.24 | 19 (57.6) | 6 (18.2) | 0.46 |
Back pain | 112 (45.2) | 47 (19.0) | 22 (44.0) | 11 (22.0) | 0.66 | 14 (42.4) | 10 (30.3) | 0.14 |
Pain in the joints | 115 (45.6) | 44 (17.5) | 28 (56.0) | 6 (12.0) | 0.59 | 17 (48.6) | 12 (34.3) | 0.005 |
Eyesore | 89 (35.0) | 18 (7.1) | 18 (36.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0.48 | 7 (20.6) | 11 (32.4) | 0.003 |
Severe fatigue | 138 (54.8) | 66 (26.2) | 29 (59.2) | 10 (20.4) | 0.49 | 16 (45.7) | 19 (54.3) | < 0.0001 |
Dizziness and confusion | 80 (31.9) | 17 (6.8) | 19 (38.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.48 | 13 (37.1) | 6 (17.1) | 0.025 |
Chills and extreme cold | 54 (21.3) | 3 (1.2) | 6 (12.2) | 1 (2.0) | 0.25 | 13 (39.4) | 1 (3.0) | 0.033 |
Hot flashes | 66 (26.5) | 16 (6.4) | 17 (34.7) | 2 (4.1) | 0.71 | 11 (32.4) | 9 (26.5) | < 0.0001 |
Neck pain | 54 (21.4) | 7 (2.8) | 14 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.89 | 12 (36.4) | 1 (3.0) | 0.103 |
Globus sensation | 36 (14.3) | 4 (1.6) | 7 (14.0) | 1 (2.0) | > 0.999 | 12 (35.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.014 |
Having trouble swallowing | 17 (6.7) | 1 (0.4) | 2 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.79 | 4 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0.37 |
Shortness of breath | 79 (32.0) | 13 (5.3) | 19 (38.0) | 1 (2.0) | 0.95 | 13 (39.4) | 5 (15.2) | 0.017 |
Hoarseness | 39 (15.7) | 5 (2.0) | 7 (14.3) | 1 (2.0) | 0.84 | 6 (17.6) | 1 (2.9) | 0.65 |
Wheezing (asthma) | 18 (7.2) | 10 (4.0) | 3 (6.0) | 4 (8.0) | 0.43 | 9 (26.5) | 1 (2.9) | 0.004 |