The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery

Table 2 Risk factors of fatigue and cognitive impairment among MS patients

From: Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in multiple sclerosis: relation to cognitive impairment and fatigue

Variable	Fatigue		Cognitive impairment
	(MFIS score ≥ 38)		(MOCA score ≤ 26)
	(N, %) (25 patients, 54.3%)		(N, %) (24 patients, 52.2%)
	OR	P	OR	P
Age, years
> 35	12.8 (3.15 ± 52.7)	< 0.001*	16.9 (3.93 ± 73.57)	< 0.001*
≤ 35	1	< 0.001*	1	< 0.001*
Gender
Male	1	0.98	1	0.78
Female	1.02 (0.32 ± 3.24)	0.98	1.2 (0.37 ± 3.77)	0.78
Disease course
Progressive	1	0.76	1	0.76
RR	13.9 (0.5 ± 9.2)	0.76	25 (0.2 ± 11.2)	0.76
EDSS
0–5.5	1	< 0.001*	1	0.03*
6–9.5	24.43 (4.47 ± 13.53)	< 0.001*	20.8 (2.1 ± 18.9)	0.03*
Disease duration
≤ 5 years	1	0.003*	1	0.004*
> 5 years	25.5 (2.94 ± 220.20	0.003*	11.80 (2.25 ± 62.11)	0.004*
Number of attacks
≤ 3	1	0.002*	1	0.001*
> 3	10.66 (2.45 ± 46.38)	0.002*	12.66 (2.9 ± 55.86)	0.001*
Specific treatment
Yes	1	0.09	1	0.04*
No	2.83 (0.83 ± 9.61)	0.09	3.6 (1.03 ± 12.54)	0.04*
Serum IGF1 levels
Q1 (lowest)	6.1 (4.7 ± 8.42)	0.002*	8.43 (2.4 ± 4.9)	< 0.001*
Q2	8.9 (4.8 ± 16.6)	0.003*	3.01 (0.3 ± 1.2)	0.03*
Q3	2.3 (0.6 ± 18.08)	0.14	2.9 (0.59 ± 1.4)	0.7
Q4 (highest)	Reference		Reference

*Significant
MFIS modified fatigue impact scale, IGF-1 insulin-like growth factor 1, RR relapsing-remitting, EDSS expanded disability status scale, Q1 ≤ 90 ng/mL, Q2 90–120 ng/mL, Q3 121–190 ng/mL, Q4 ≥ 191 ng/mL

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