Evaluation of bone health among epileptic patients using biochemical markers and DEXA scan: an Egyptian study

Table 2 Comparison between patient subgroups regarding serum laboratory markers of bone health

Variables		Normal (a) (N = 8)	Osteopenia (b) (N = 17)	Osteoporosis (c) (N = 5)	ρ value	Pair-wise comparisons
Variables		Normal (a) (N = 8)	Osteopenia (b) (N = 17)	Osteoporosis (c) (N = 5)	ρ value	(a) × (b)	(a) × (c)	(b) × (c)
Serum calcium (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	8.9 ± 0.4	8.6 ± 0.4	7.8 ± 0.2	0.0001**	0.09	0.0001**	0.003**
Serum calcium (mg/dl)	Range	8.2–9.5	8.0–9.2	7.5–8.0	0.0001**	0.09	0.0001**	0.003**
Serum phosphorus (mg/dl)	Mean ± SD	4.3 ± 0.4	3.2 ± 0.3	3.0 ± 0.3	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.2
Serum phosphorus (mg/dl)	Range	3.7–4.9	2.8–3.9	2.7–3.5	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.2
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/l)	Mean ± SD	153.4 ± 41.9	171.5 ± 46.6	194.4 ± 30.3	0.267	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**
Alkaline phosphatase (IU/l)	Range	102.6–206.2	108.5–246.2	142.1–221.3	0.267	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**
Parathormone (ng/ml)	Mean ± SD	82.2 ± 19.7	82.5 ± 30.2	99.4 ± 31.2	0.0001**	0.95	0.0001**	0.0001**
Parathormone (ng/ml)	Range	50.7–105.2	36.4–114.2	51.4–128.5	0.0001**	0.95	0.0001**	0.0001**
Vitamin D (nmol/l)	Mean ± SD	30.5 ± 2.3	20.7 ± 5.1	11.7 ± 1.2	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**
Vitamin D (nmol/l)	Range	27.2–32.5	13.1–29.2	10.2–12.9	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**	0.0001**